摘要:阅读考题是命题人按照能力要求来设置,能力要求第一点理解主旨要义包括归纳段落内容要点、概括文章中心大意、确定文章标题,这类题目题干设置有如下几种:
高考阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能:
(1)理解主旨要义;
(2)理解文中具体信息;
(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;
(4)做出判断和推理;
(5)理解文章的基本结构;
(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
阅读考题是命题人按照能力要求来设置,能力要求第一点理解主旨要义包括归纳段落内容要点、概括文章中心大意、确定文章标题,这类题目题干设置有如下几种:
The paragraphs X is mainly about.
What is the paragraph X mainly about?
What does the paragraphs X mainly talk about?
What does the passage\text mainly talk about?
What is the passage\text mainly about?
The passage\text is mainly about.
What is a suitable title for the passage\text?
What is the best title for the text?
理解主旨要义题是考查考生归纳概括能力。归纳是从内容上把各个个体联合成一个整体,概括是从语言上把具体内容用概括性的抽象语言表达。文章标题是对文章的高度概括。
理解文中具体信息也就是理解文章的具体事实细节,考查考生获取信息能力。这类题的提问方式以Ws(what\who\ which\ where\ when\how\why)居多,针对这类题,我们可以先从题干中找关键词(key words),比如人名、地名,再到文章中搜索具体信息。
根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是考查考生推理判断能力,一般以What does\ do the underlined word\ phrase\ words in paragraph X means\ mean?为题干。所划线的单词不一定为生词,甚至不是词典中所诠释的意思。判断这类词或短语的含义,我们先理清所划线的词或短语在句子中的语法关系,再联系语段去仔细琢磨其含义,单词多有一词多义和转义现象。
做出判断和推理是鉴赏性、评论性高层次阅读,是与作者的交流,是在理解原文的基础上,读者主体意识情感的体验。推理包括演绎推理和归纳推理,演绎推理是从一般到个别,归纳推理是从个别到一般。这类题的典型题干有:What can we learn about\from? What do we know about\from? What can we infer about\ from? What does the author think about?
理解文章的基本结构在阅读中一般没有直接对应的考题,但文章结构与内容息息相关。理解文章层次结构是把握文脉的手段,不同文体有不同的结构模式,比如记叙文有顺叙与倒叙,说明文有总分总结构模式。
理解作者的意图、观点和态度是深层阅读,语言是用来表达内容的,语言所表达的内容是有意图目的的。意图目的包括话语意图、段落意图和语篇意图,作者意图一般都具有隐含性,不同文体有不同的语篇意图。记叙文是通过所记的人,所叙的事或讲述一个道理,或讽刺某个现象,或弘扬某种精神,或纯粹给读者以娱乐。说明文是让读者明白一个事物,议论文是让读者认同作者的观点。意图目的典型题有:What is the purpose of the last part of the text? What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
态度(attitude)是对某一人物、事物、现象、观点的个人倾向。典型题有:
What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?
A. Cautious B. Favorable. C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.
What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.
What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.
What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious
来源:英语帮帮