摘要：宋圭武 技术越进步越需要实行技术公有制在技术越来越先进的前提下，技术的私有制对社会产生的副作用很大。第一，从政治方面看，私人垄断尖端技术对政治的合理化建设十分不利。一是尖端技术会为不合理的少数人政治统治行为提供强大工具支撑，让不合理的少数人政治统治长久化。二是

第二，从经济方面看，私人垄断高技术副作用很大。一是会进一步拉大贫富差距，而且可能会快速拉大贫富差距。越是掌握尖端技术的所有者，越可能成为社会最富有的群体。二是资本追求利润的天性，必然导致技术排挤人，让越来越多的人就业更困难，社会形成失业大军。

第三，从文化方面看，对文化建设不利。文化可能越来越少敬畏的元素。没有敬畏的文化，是可怕的。同时，技术进步对人类伦理也构成严重威胁。社会没有伦理秩序，十分危险。另外，炫耀性文化可能更活跃。高技术产品为炫耀行为提供了产品支撑。人自身的价值会进一步降低，技术越来越成为文化的神，尤其是最尖端的技术，会成为文化最顶级的神。

第四，从环境方面看，私人垄断高技术，对环境也是一种威胁。环境是公共产品，更需要公共机构发挥好保护职能。

第五，从社会建设方面看，私人垄断高技术，对社会建设也不利。教育、医疗、卫生等方面的发展，会受到限制。比如，发展教育，投资会更大。在医疗方面，病人的利益必然会受到高技术所有者的严重侵蚀。比如，一个高技术医疗产品，可能成本只有100元，但患者可能需要付出1万元才能受到治疗。另外，私人掌握高技术，比如基因技术等，社会危险度会大大提高，比如病毒制造，社会危害度极大，且社会很难防范，所以基因技术最好是国家掌控来研究。

第六，公有制对推进高技术本身发展很有利。因为公有制与高技术本质更兼容。因为公有制能更好提供高技术所需要的研究规模化和分工化优势。

基于上述理由，个人认为，社会越是技术先进，技术越需要实行公有制。

在社会不断提高公有制比重的同时，对公有制还需要建立一个硬预算约束机制。比如，可设立一个财政项目支出红线，不然，公有制可能会存在预算扩张问题，导致政府负债严重及效率低下问题。同时，政府各级预算决策还必须要民主化和公开化。一个项目该上还是不该上，一定要充分发扬民主，充分听取社会各方面的意见，充分进行科学论证。

另外，在科学技术不断进步并不断提高公有制比重的同时，社会还需要进一步加强文化建设和精神文明建设。并且科学技术越进步，越需要加强文化和精神文明建设。尤其要进一步加强敬畏意识的培育。科学技术没有敬畏，科学技术就是脱缰的野马，十分危险。

总之，科学技术的不断进步，为实现人类理想社会提供了坚实的物质技术基础。但要真正实现理想社会，还需要不断推进制度变革和文化变革。不然，科学技术进步将会更多以异化的形式存在。

Song Guiwu : The more advanced technology becomes, the more it needs to be implemented under public ownership.

Under the premise that technology is becoming increasingly advanced, the negative effects of private ownership of technology on society are considerable. First, from a political perspective, private monopoly of cutting-edge technology is very unbeneficial to the rationalization of politics. Firstly, cutting-edge technology will provide powerful support for the unreasonable rule of a minority of people, making their unreasonable rule last longer. Secondly, cutting-edge technology will increasingly infringe on the privacy rights of the general public. For example, technologies such as cameras make it impossible for members of the public to hide their privacy. Thirdly, some owners of cutting-edge technology may become the actual rulers behind the scenes of the government, while government officials become their spokespersons. Fourthly, the voting process for government officials may be influenced by technology. Fifthly, politics may ultimately become the servant of technology, just as politics was the servant of capital in the capitalist era. At present, some capitalist developed countries are facing this unreasonable situation, and there is a trend of it becoming more and more serious. Second, from an economic perspective, the side effects of private monopoly of high technology are considerable. Firstly, it will further widen the gap between the rich and the poor, and may rapidly widen the gap. The more the owner of cutting-edge technology, the more likely they are to become the wealthiest group in society. Two are the capital's pursuit of profit nature, which inevitably leads to technology displacing people, making it increasingly difficult for more people to find employment, and forming a large army of unemployed. The third, from the cultural perspective, it is not good for cultural construction. Culture may have fewer elements of reverence. A culture without reverence is terrifying. At the same time, technological progress constitutes a serious threat to human ethics. A society without ethical order is very dangerous. In addition, the culture of ostentation may be more active. High-tech products provide product support for boastful behavior. The value of human beings will be further devalued, and technology will become the god of culture, especially the most advanced technology, which will become the top god of culture. The fourth, from the environmental perspective, private monopoly of high technology is also a threat to the environment. The environment is a public product, and it is even more important for public institutions to play their role in protecting it. The fifth, from the perspective of social construction, private monopoly of high technology is also not good for social construction. Development in education, healthcare, and sanitation will be limited. For example, investment in education will be greater. In the medical field, the interests of patients will be seriously eroded by high-tech owners. For example, a high-tech medical product may cost only 100 yuan, but the patient may need to pay 10,000 yuan to receive treatment. Additionally, private individuals possessing high technology, such as genetic technology, would greatly increase the social danger level, such as virus manufacturing, with extremely high social harm and difficulty to prevent. Therefore, genetic technology is best controlled by the state for research. Sixth, public ownership is very beneficial for the development of high technology itself. Because public ownership is more compatible with the essence of high technology. Because public ownership can provide the scale and specialization advantages that high technology needs better. Based on the above reasons, I personally believe that the more technologically advanced a society is, the more it needs to implement public ownership of technology. While the public ownership ratio in society is continuously increased, a hard budget constraint mechanism also needs to be established for public ownership. For example, a fiscal project spending red line can be set up, otherwise, public ownership may have budget expansion problems, leading to serious government debt and low efficiency problems. At the same time, the budget decision-making of the government at all levels must be democratized and publicized. Whether a project should be implemented or not should be fully democratized, fully listening to the opinions of all aspects of society, and fully conducting scientific论证. In addition, while the public ownership ratio in society is continuously increased and scientific and technological progress is continuously made, society also needs to further strengthen cultural construction and spiritual civilization construction. And the more scientific and technological progress is made, the more it needs to strengthen cultural and spiritual civilization construction. In particular, we should further cultivate the sense of reverence. Without reverence, science and technology would be like a runaway horse, extremely dangerous. In summary, the constant progress of science and technology has provided a solid material and technological basis for realizing the ideal society of human beings. However, to truly realize the ideal society, we still need to continuously advance the reform of the system and the cultural transformation. Otherwise, the progress of science and technology will exist more in the form of alienation.

来源：宋圭武