小h漫谈（26）：信息系统介绍

摘要：信息系统（Information System）是一个以处理信息流为目的的人机一体化系统，由计算机硬件、网络和通信设备、计算机软件、信息资源、信息用户以及规章制度组成。它是一个综合了人、计算机及其他外围设备的系统，能够进行信息的收集、传递、存储、加工、维护和使

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“小h漫谈（26）：信息系统介绍”

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"Little H's Chat (26): Introduction to information systems"

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一、思维导图（Mind mapping）

二、精读内容（Intensive Reading Content）

信息系统（Information System）是一个以处理信息流为目的的人机一体化系统，由计算机硬件、网络和通信设备、计算机软件、信息资源、信息用户以及规章制度组成。它是一个综合了人、计算机及其他外围设备的系统，能够进行信息的收集、传递、存储、加工、维护和使用。信息系统可以实时监测企业运行情况，利用历史数据预测未来趋势，并从企业全局出发辅助管理者进行决策。它还能通过信息控制企业的行为，帮助企业实现其目标。

An information system (Information System) is a human-computer integrated system designed to process information flows, comprising computer hardware, network and communication devices, computer software, information resources, information users, and regulations. It is a system that integrates people, computers, and other peripheral devices, capable of collecting, transmitting, storing, processing, maintaining, and utilizing information. An information system can monitor the operations of an enterprise in real time, use historical data to predict future trends, and assist managers in decision-making from a holistic perspective of the enterprise. It can also control the behavior of the enterprise through information to help achieve its goals.

从技术角度来看，信息系统是一组相互关联的部件组成的系统，用于支持组织决策和管理，完成信息的收集、处理、存储和传递。从更广泛的角度来看，信息系统不仅是一个技术系统，更是一个管理系统和社会技术系统。计算机知识是信息系统知识的重要组成部分，但并非其全部内容。

From a technical perspective, an information system is a system composed of a set of interrelated components designed to support organizational decision-making and management by accomplishing the collection, processing, storage, and transmission of information. From a broader viewpoint, an information system is not only a technical system but also a management system and a socio-technical system. Computer knowledge is an important part of information system knowledge, but it is not the entirety.

信息系统是一门综合性、系统性和边缘性学科，融合了管理科学、系统科学、运筹学、统计学、计算机科学和现代通信技术的研究成果。它是这些学科思想、方法和技术的综合应用。信息系统是一套有组织的程序，其核心在于输出信息，特别是为决策提供所需信息。简单来说，信息系统将输入的原始数据经过处理后，输出有用的信息。信息系统必须建立在管理系统的框架内，以企业的各项管理功能（如计划、生产、财会、供应、销售、人事工资、技术、设备等）为基础。其主要部分是一套有组织的应用程序，用于生成决策信息。

Information systems are an interdisciplinary, systemic, and marginal field of study, integrating research findings from management science, systems science, operations research, statistics, computer science, and modern communication technology. It represents the integrated application of the ideas, methods, and technologies from these disciplines. An information system is an organized set of procedures, with the core function of outputting information, especially information needed for decision-making. In simple terms, an information system processes input raw data to generate useful information. An information system must be established within the framework of a management system, based on the various management functions of an enterprise (such as planning, production, finance, supply, sales, human resources and payroll, technology, equipment, etc.). Its main component is an organized set of application programs designed to generate decision-making information.

综合以上观点可以看出，信息系统是从系统观念出发，以计算机和通信技术为手段，运用数学方法，为管理决策提供服务的计算机系统。

From the above perspectives, it can be seen that an information system is a computer system that serves management decision-making by using computer and communication technologies as means and applying mathematical methods, based on a systemic approach.

信息系统结构是指信息系统内部各个组成部分所构成的框架。从概念上看，信息系统由信息源、信息处理器和信息用户三大基本部分组成。

The structure of an information system refers to the framework composed of its various internal components. Conceptually, an information system consists of three basic parts: information sources, information processors, and information users.

信息系统在组织内部和外部环境中识别和收集信息，形成信息源。通过信息处理器的传输、加工和存储，信息系统为各类管理人员（即信息用户）提供信息服务。信息系统可以分为信息流通系统和信息处理系统。信息流通系统在运行过程中不改变信息本身的结构和形态，其功能是将信息从一处传递到另一处。而信息处理系统则对原始数据进行处理，赋予其新的结构和形态，甚至生成新的数据和资料。虽然输出的数据结构与输入的原始数据相同，但输出的信息与输入的数据在含义上有所不同。因此，信息可以被视为对数据的解释。数据经过处理后虽然仍然是数据，但更便于解释和理解，只有被解释后的数据才能成为信息。

The information system identifies and collects information from within the organization and its external environment, forming information sources. Through the transmission, processing, and storage by the information processor, the information system provides information services to various types of managers (i.e., information users). Information systems can be divided into information circulation systems and information processing systems. An information circulation system does not alter the structure and form of the information during its operation; its function is to transmit information from one place to another. In contrast, an information processing system processes raw data to give it new structure and form, and may even generate new data and materials. Although the structure of the output data may be the same as that of the input raw data, the output information differs in meaning from the input data. Therefore, information can be regarded as the interpretation of data. Data remains data after processing, but it becomes more interpretable and understandable, and only interpreted data can become information.

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