摘要:宾语从句是在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句。它可以作动词的宾语,也可以作介词的宾语或形容词的宾语等。
今天大家就一起跟着美朱老师的文章一起来学习宾语从句。
一、宾语从句的含义
宾语从句是在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句。它可以作动词的宾语,也可以作介词的宾语或形容词的宾语等。
二、宾语从句的用法及例句
(一)作动词的宾语
1. 连接词为that(that在句中通常可以省略)
- He said (that) he would come back soon.(他说他很快就会回来。)
- She believes (that) she can pass the exam.(她相信她能通过考试。)
- They know (that) the earth goes around the sun.(他们知道地球绕着太阳转。)
- I hope (that) you have a good time.(我希望你过得愉快。)
- My Mother told me (that) she was busy.(妈妈告诉我她很忙。)
- The teacher said (that) we should study hard.(老师说我们应该努力学习。)
- He found (that) his book was lost.(他发现他的书丢了。)
- She thought (that) he was a good boy.(她认为他是个好男孩。)
- They heard (that) there was a strange noise.(他们听到有一个奇怪的声音。)
- I feel (that) it's too hot today.(我觉得今天太热了。)
2. 连接词为if或whether(表示“是否”)
- She asked me if / whether I had finished my homework.(她问我是否完成了作业。)
- I don't know if / whether he will come.(我不知道他是否会来。)
- He wondered if / whether he could get there on time.(他想知道他是否能按时到达那里。)
- She wants to know if / whether it will rain tomorrow.(她想知道明天是否会下雨。)
- They don't know if / whether their teacher is in the office.(他们不知道他们的老师是否在办公室。)
- I'm not sure if / whether I can answer this question.(我不确定我是否能回答这个问题。)
- He asked if / whether she liked reading.(他问她是否喜欢阅读。)
- She didn't know if / whether he was telling the truth.(她不知道他是否在说实话。)
- We wonder if / whether we can win the game.(我们想知道我们是否能赢得比赛。)
- I don't know if / whether there is a post office near here.(我不知道这附近是否有邮局。)
3. 连接词为特殊疑问词(如what, who, when, where, why, how等)
- He asked me what my name was.(他问我叫什么名字。)
- She wants to know who is the best student in the class.(她想知道谁是班上最好的学生。)
- I don't know when he will leave.(我不知道他什么时候离开。)
- They wonder where the book is.(他们想知道书在哪里。)
- She asked why he was late.(她问他为什么迟到。)
- He doesn't know how to solve the problem.(他不知道如何解决这个问题。)
- I want to know which book is yours.(我想知道哪本书是你的。)
- She asked how old I was.(她问我多大了。)
- They don't know what to do next.(他们不知道接下来该做什么。)
- He wants to know how far it is from here to the school.(他想知道从这里到学校有多远。)
宾语从句作介词宾语
- 在这种情况下,介词后面需要一个宾语,而这个宾语是一个从句。例如:
- I'm thinking about whether we should go on a picnic tomorrow.(我在考虑我们明天是否应该去野餐。)在这个句子中,“about”是介词,“whether we should go on a picnic tomorrow”是宾语从句,作“about”的宾语。
- She was interested in what he said at the meeting.(她对他在会议上说的话感兴趣。)“in”是介词,“what he said at the meeting”是宾语从句,作“in”的宾语。
宾语从句作形容词宾语
- 当形容词表达的语义需要一个对象来完整表述时,后面可以接宾语从句。例如:
- I'm sure that he will come back soon.(我确信他很快就会回来。)“sure”是形容词,“that he will come back soon”是宾语从句,作“sure”的宾语。
- He is afraid that he will fail the exam.(他担心他会考试不及格。)“afraid”是形容词,“that he will fail the exam”是宾语从句,作“afraid”的宾语。
宾语从句单选题
1. Can you tell me ______?
A. where does he live
B. where he lives
C. he lives where
D. where he live
2. I don't know ______ he will come or not.
A. if
B. whether
C. that
D. when
3. She asked me ______ I had seen the film.
A. that
B. if
C. what
D. which
4. Do you know ______?
A. what's his name
B. what his name is
C. his name is what
D. what his name was
5. I wonder ______ he can finish the work on time.
A. that
B. if
C. what
D. when
6. He told me ______ he would go to Beijing the next day.
A. that
B. if
C. what
D. which
7. She wants to know ______ you are from.
A. where
B. what
C. who
D. that
8. I don't know ______ the book is.
A. where
B. what
C. who
D. that
9. They asked ______ we could help them.
A. that
B. if
C. what
D. which
10. Do you know ______ time it is?
A. what
B. how
C. when
D. that
1. B。在宾语从句中,要用陈述句语序,A选项是疑问句语序,C选项语序错误,D选项中he是第三人称单数,live应该用第三人称单数形式lives。
2. B。whether...or not是固定搭配,表示“是否”,if不能和or not直接连用。
3. B。根据句意“她问我是否看过这部电影”,这里需要用if来引导宾语从句表示“是否”。
4. B。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,A选项是疑问句语序,C选项语序错误,D选项中时态与主句时态不一致。
5. B。根据句意“我想知道他是否能按时完成工作”,用if引导宾语从句表示“是否”。
6. A。根据句意“他告诉我他第二天要去北京”,此处用that引导宾语从句,that在句中无实际意义,只起连接作用。
7. A。根据句意“她想知道你来自哪里”,用where引导宾语从句询问地点。
8. A。根据句意“我不知道书在哪里”,用where引导宾语从句询问位置。
9. B。根据句意“他们问我们是否能帮助他们”,用if引导宾语从句表示“是否”。
10. A。根据句意“你知道现在几点了吗?”,用what time来询问时间,所以是what引导宾语从句。
宾语从句使用陈述语序的底层逻辑主要有以下几点:
从句子功能角度来看
- 作为宾语的性质:宾语从句在复合句中充当宾语,相当于一个名词的作用。而在正常的语言表达中,当我们用一个句子来充当宾语时,这个句子应该是一个完整、表意明确的陈述内容,就像一个普通的宾语(名词或代词等)一样向读者或听者传达信息。例如在句子“He said that he was happy.”中,“that he was happy”作为said的宾语,是陈述“他很开心”这一事实,而不是像疑问句一样在询问信息。
- 与主句的语义连贯:整个复合句要表达一个连贯的语义。如果宾语从句使用疑问语序,会破坏这种语义的连贯性,使句子结构和语义都变得混乱。例如,“I don't know where does he live.”这样的句子就会让人感觉语义不顺畅,而正确的“I don't know where he lives.”则能够清晰地表达出“我不知道他住在哪里”的意思。
从语法结构角度来看
- 与陈述句的语法共性:英语语法体系中,陈述句结构是基础的语法结构之一。宾语从句遵循陈述语序是与陈述句语法结构保持一致的体现,使得语法结构更加统一和规范。例如,“She thinks (that) he is a good student.”中的宾语从句“he is a good student”和一般陈述句“He is a good student.”在语序上是一致的,这有助于学习者更好地理解和掌握语法规则。
英语中的双宾语结构,即“主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”的结构。其中,间接宾语通常是人,表示动作的对象或受益者;直接宾语通常是物,是动词所涉及的具体事物。以下是对双宾语结构的详细理解和示例:
1. 含义解释
这种结构中,及物动词后面跟了两个宾语,间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。间接宾语和直接宾语之间存在一种逻辑上的给予或传递关系。例如,“give sb. sth.”(给某人某物),其中“sb.”就是间接宾语,“sth.”就是直接宾语。
2. 示例
- She gave me a book.(她给了我一本书。)在这个句子中,“She”是主语,“gave”是及物动词,“me”是间接宾语,表示接受“书”的人,“a book”是直接宾语,表示被给予的事物。
- My mother bought me a new dress.(我妈妈给我买了一条新裙子。)这里“Mother”是主语,“bought”是及物动词,“me”是间接宾语,“a new dress”是直接宾语。
- He showed his friend his new car.(他向他的朋友展示了他的新车。)“He”是主语,“showed”是及物动词,“his friend”是间接宾语,“his new car”是直接宾语。
I want to know which book is yours.中,主谓宾语分别是如何分配的。
在句子“I want to know which book is yours.”中:
1. 主语
“I”是主语,它是整个句子动作的执行者,也就是“想要知道”这个行为的发出者。
2. 谓语
“want to know”整体作为谓语部分。其中“want”是核心动词,表示“想要”的意思,“to know”是动词不定式,用来补充说明“want”的具体内容,即“想要做的事情是知道”。
3. 宾语
“which book is yours”是宾语从句,在整个句子中作宾语。在这个宾语从句中,“which book”是主语,表示“哪本书”;“is”是系动词;“yours”是表语,表示所属关系,即“是你的”。
来源:大明哥杂谈