摘要:分词的"主动或被动"取决于它与其"逻辑主语"的关系,因此,准确的找出其逻辑主语、是正确使用分词的关键。
分词兼具动词、形容词、副词的特性,故可作"状语、表语、宾语补语"等。
分词的"主动或被动"取决于它与其"逻辑主语"的关系,因此,准确的找出其逻辑主语、是正确使用分词的关键。
(一) 分词"作状语"时,通常其"逻辑主语"就是"主句主语。
★作为六年级学生,我必须更加努力学习去应付中考。 Being a sixth-grader, I have to study harder to cope with the high school entrance exam.
(being...的逻辑主语是"I").
★Seeing the moon from the earth, people said it looked like a silver plate.
(People...是Seeing的逻辑主语、主动关系)
★Seen from the earth, the moon looks like a silver plate.
(Moon...是Seen的逻辑主语、被动关系)
★贪官经常滥用职权进行受贿。
Abusing their power often, corrupt officials commit bribery.
(corrupt officials…是Abusing的逻辑主语)。
(二) 分词"做定语"时,其"逻辑主语"就是其所修饰的名词。
(单个分词可作前置定语、因分词短语较长,可作后置定语)。
★会叫的狗不咬人。
A barking dog seldom bites. (barking...是 dog的逻辑主语)。
★在风中轻轻摇曳的牡丹花,像是欢迎游人。
The Peony flowers swaying gently in the breeze seem to welcome the tourist.
(Peony flowers是swaying的逻辑主语)。
★正在修理的房子下周就能修好。
The house being repaired will be ready next week. (House...是being repaired的逻辑主语、被动语态)。
(注意:现在分词的完成式having done不能用作名词的定语)。
(三) 分词"作表语"时,其"逻辑主语"就是"句子主语"。
★This book is interesting. (逻辑主语是:The book)。 ★The cup was broken. (逻辑主语是:The cup)。 ★This Politician's explaination is confusing. 这个政治家的解释是混乱的!
(逻辑主语是:This Politician)
(四) 分词"作宾语补语"时, "逻辑主语"就是"句子的宾语"。
★他们发现门从里面被锁上了。
They found the door being locked from inside.
★人们看到西班牙战舰开过来了。
The people saw the Spanish warships coming. (逻辑主语就是句子的宾语~Spanish warships).
★我站在驾驶台上,看着渔船扬帆远去。
I stood on the bridge and watched the fishing boats sailing away.
(句子的宾语fishing boats就是逻辑主语)。
(五) "独立主格结构"中
分词短语有自己的逻辑主语,其逻辑主语≠主句主语。 此刻其"逻辑主语"就是"它所修饰的名词"。
★工作完成了,他便出去溜达溜达。
His work done, He went out for a stroll.
(逻辑主语是: His work)。 ★他坐在那里玩手机,而他的妻子却在忙着做衣服。 He sat playing the cellphone , with his wife sewing beside him.
(his wife是sewing的逻辑主语)。
个人观点、仅供参考!
来源:鲲鹏展翅一点号