摘要：就像植物通过光合作用获取能量，天基激光器通过巨型太阳能帆板在太空中"呼吸"阳光。日本理化研究所的实验证明，国际空间站上的激光设备可以依靠太阳能持续工作。在日地拉格朗日点L1部署时，这里永远沐浴阳光（每年仅60小时日食），如同建造在太空中的"光伏电站"。
一、能量来源：太空激光器的"心脏"之谜
1. 太阳能——宇宙中的永恒燃料
就像植物通过光合作用获取能量，天基激光器通过巨型太阳能帆板在太空中"呼吸"阳光。日本理化研究所的实验证明，国际空间站上的激光设备可以依靠太阳能持续工作。在日地拉格朗日点L1部署时，这里永远沐浴阳光（每年仅60小时日食），如同建造在太空中的"光伏电站"。
2. 核能电池——黑暗中的守护者
放射性同位素电池（RTG）如同微型核电站，能为激光器提供基础电力。美国NASA的"好奇号"火星车就采用这种技术，虽然功率仅120瓦，但配合超级电容储能系统，可以积少成多。未来的兆瓦级空间核反应堆正在研发中，如同将地面核电站缩小到集装箱大小。
3. 天地协同的"能量接力"
澳大利亚的EX-Fusion项目展示了地面电网的威力——通过10兆瓦级激光器击落碎片，虽然大气层会损耗50%能量，但胜在能源取之不尽。这就像用地面发电站给太空"充电宝"持续供电。
二、部署位置：寻找宇宙最佳"狙击点"
1. 拉格朗日点的双刃剑
• L1点（日地）：虽能获得永恒阳光，但距离地球150万公里。激光到达近地轨道时，能量衰减达百万分之一，如同用探照灯照亮月球上的蚂蚁。
• L2点：隐藏在"地球阴影"中的观测哨，适合部署太空望远镜，但需要核能支撑持续供电。
• L4/L5（地月）：这两个稳定点距地球38万公里，更适合建造太空城市而非垃圾清理站。
2. 近地轨道的现实选择
中国"遨龙一号"卫星在400公里高度验证了天基激光的可行性。这个距离下，激光能量损耗仅为拉格朗日点的万分之一，如同在足球场边精准射门。日本科学家更将激光器直接安装在国际空间站，实现"零距离"打击。
3. 空基平台的折中方案
高空气球或无人机携带的激光器，既能避开大气干扰，又比卫星部署成本低80%。美国X-37B空天飞机验证了这种可能——它能在亚轨道持续工作270天，如同悬浮的"激光炮台"。
三、未来展望：宇宙清洁工的进化之路
科学家正在研发"三位一体"系统：在L1点部署太阳能收集站，通过微波向近地轨道激光器传输能量；用AI控制的卫星群实施精准打击；地面激光网作为最后防线。这就像构建起地球的"能量护盾"，中国鹊桥中继卫星已在地月L2点验证了能量传输技术。
（英译）
Title: "Laser: The Lightsaber Against Space Junk - Unraveling the Energy Puzzle and Cosmic Parking Choices"
I. Energy Sources: The Heartbeat of Space Lasers
1. Solar Power - Eternal Fuel from the Cosmos
Like plants harvesting sunlight through photosynthesis, space-based lasers "breathe" cosmic rays via giant solar panels. Experiments by Japan's RIKEN Institute prove lasers on the International Space Station can operate continuously using solar energy. At the Sun-Earth L1 Lagrange point, perpetual sunlight (with merely 60 hours of annual eclipse) creates an ideal "photovoltaic power plant".
2. Nuclear Batteries - Guardians in the Dark
Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs) act as miniature nuclear plants, providing baseline power. NASA's Curiosity rover uses this technology, and when combined with supercapacitors, it can accumulate sufficient energy despite its modest 120-watt output. Future megawatt-scale space reactors, akin to shrinking terrestrial nuclear plants into shipping containers, are under development.
3. Earth-Space Energy Relay
Australia's EX-Fusion project demonstrates ground grid potential—using 10MW lasers to zap debris. Although atmospheric absorption causes 50% energy loss, Earth's limitless power supply remains advantageous. This resembles continuously charging cosmic "power banks" from terrestrial stations.
II. Deployment Locations: Cosmic Sniper Positions
1. The Double-Edged Sword of Lagrange Points
• L1: Eternal sunlight comes at a cost—1.5 million km from Earth. Laser energy decays to one-millionth when reaching low-Earth Orbit (LEO), like illuminating ants on the Moon with a searchlight.
• L2: Hidden in Earth's shadow, ideal for telescopes but requiring nuclear support.
• L4/L5: These stable points 380,000 km away suit space habitats more than debris removal.
2. Practical Choices in Low Earth Orbit
China's "Aolong-1" satellite validated space lasers at 400km altitude. At this range, energy loss is merely 0.01% of Lagrange point systems—akin to scoring a precision goal from the soccer field's edge. Japanese scientists even installed lasers directly on the ISS for "point-blank" strikes.
3. Airborne Compromise
Balloon or drone-mounted lasers avoid atmospheric interference while costing 80% less than satellites. The US X-37B spaceplane demonstrated this potential, operating 270 days in sub-orbit like a hovering "laser turret".
III. Future Vision: Evolution of Cosmic Janitors
Scientists envision a "trinity system": Solar collectors at L1 beam energy via microwaves to LEO lasers; AI-controlled satellite swarms execute precision strikes; ground-based lasers form the last defense. This constructs Earth's "energy shield," with China's Queqiao relay satellite already testing power transmission at the Earth-Moon L2 point.
来源：弈客李刚