摘要：Sun Jiadong, a male of the Han ethnic group, was born on April 8, 1929, in Fuxian County, Liaoning Province (now Wafangdian City).

Saluting "The Backbone of China" — Sun Jiadong

Sun Jiadong, a male of the Han ethnic group, was born on April 8, 1929, in Fuxian County, Liaoning Province (now Wafangdian City). As a member of the Communist Party of China, he is an expert in launch vehicle and satellite technology. He is an Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, an Academician of the International Academy of Astronautics, and an Academician of the International Eurasian Academy of Sciences. He serves as a senior advisor to the Lunar Exploration Project Leading Group, and was a member of the 7th, 8th, 9th, and 12th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He is also one of the pioneers in China's artificial satellite technology, satellite navigation technology, and deep space exploration technology.

孙家栋，男，汉族，1929年4月8日出生于辽宁省复县（今瓦房店市）。作为一名中国共产党党员，他是运载火箭与卫星技术领域的专家。他是中国科学院院士、国际宇航科学院院士、国际欧亚科学院院士。他担任探月工程领导小组高级顾问，曾是第七、八、九、十二届全国政协委员。他也是中国人造卫星技术、卫星导航技术和深空探测技术的开创者之一。

In 1958, Sun Jiadong graduated from the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Institute and returned to China in the same year. He successively served as the director and deputy director of the General Design Department of the First Branch of the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense. He led and participated in the research and development of China's first self - designed liquid medium - short - range ballistic surface - to - surface missiles and liquid medium - range ballistic surface - to - surface missiles.

1958年，孙家栋毕业于茹科夫斯基空军工程学院，同年回国。他先后担任国防部五院一分院总体设计部室主任、部副主任。他领导并参与了中国第一枚自行设计的液体中近程弹道地地导弹和液体中程弹道地地导弹的研制工作。

In 1967, he was transferred to the China Academy of Space Technology and began to engage in the research and development of artificial earth satellites. He successively held positions such as deputy director, director, vice president, and president of the General Design Department of the Academy, Chief Engineer of the Seventh Ministry of Machinery, Deputy Director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of aerospace, Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Aerospace Industry, and Deputy Minister and Director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Aeronautics and Astronautics Industry. When developing China's first artificial earth satellite, he presided over the revision of the overall satellite design and the technical plans of all subsystems. He served as the chief technical director and chief designer for the overall design, development, and testing of recoverable remote - sensing satellites and geostationary orbit experimental communication satellites, as well as the chief designer of the large - scale system for China's second - generation major application satellite space projects, being responsible for the technical decision - making, technical command, and technical coordination of the entire project.

1967年，他调入中国空间技术研究院，开始从事人造地球卫星的研制试验工作。他先后担任院总体设计部副主任、主任、副院长、院长，七机部总工程师，航天部科技委副主任，航天工业部副部长，航空航天工业部副部长、科技委主任等职务。在中国第一颗人造地球卫星的研制中，他主持完成了卫星总体和各分系统技术方案的修改工作。他在返回式遥感卫星、地球静止轨道试验通信卫星的总体设计、研制和试验工作中担任技术总负责人、总设计师，也是中国第二代主要应用卫星航天工程大系统的总设计师，负责整个工程大系统的技术决策、技术指挥和技术协调。

In 1988, he was elected as an Academician of the International Academy of Astronautics. In 1991, he was elected as an Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and in 1996, as an Academician of the International Eurasian Academy of Sciences. In 2004, he took the position of Chief Designer of China's Lunar Exploration Project. Sun Jiadong has been awarded the Special Prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award, the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award, the Two Bombs and One Satellite Merit Medal, the title of National Outstanding Communist Party Member, the title of Reform pioneer, the Order of the Republic, and other honors and awards.

1988年，他当选为国际宇航科学院院士。1991年，当选为中国科学院院士，1996年，当选为国际欧亚科学院院士。2004年，他担任中国探月工程总设计师。孙家栋先后获得国家科学技术进步奖特等奖、国家最高科学技术奖等奖项，以及“两弹一星”功勋奖章、全国优秀共产党员、改革先锋、共和国勋章等荣誉称号。

Sun Jiadong's life - long dedication to China's aerospace industry is truly remarkable. His profound professional knowledge, unwavering commitment, and innovative spirit have significantly promoted China's aerospace cause, making him a well - deserved "backbone of China". His spirit will continue to inspire generations of Chinese scientific researchers to strive for excellence and contribute to the country's scientific and technological development.

孙家栋对中国航天事业的毕生奉献着实令人钦佩。他深厚的专业知识、坚定不移的信念和创新精神极大地推动了中国航天事业的发展，使他成为当之无愧的“中国脊梁”。他的精神将继续激励一代又一代中国科研工作者追求卓越，为国家的科技发展贡献力量。

重点单词：

1. ethnic /ˈeθnɪk/ adj. 民族的；种族的。例句：This festival is celebrated by many ethnic groups in the region.（这个节日由该地区的许多民族共同庆祝。）

2. pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ n. 先驱；先锋；创始人 。例句：Edison was a pioneer in the field of electricity.（爱迪生是电力领域的先驱。）

3. transfer /trænsˈfɜː(r)/ v. 转移；调任 。例句：He was transferred to a new department last month.（他上个月被调到了一个新部门。）

4. engage in /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ ɪn/ v. 从事；参与 。例句：She engages in scientific research.（她从事科学研究。）

5. preside over /prɪˈzaɪd ˈəʊvə(r)/ v. 主持；负责 。例句：He will preside over the important meeting tomorrow.（他明天将主持这个重要会议。）

6. award /əˈwɔːd/ v. 授予；判定 n. 奖品；奖项 。例句：She was awarded the first prize in the competition.（她在比赛中被授予一等奖。）

固定搭配：

1. serve as 担任；充当。例句：He served as the manager of the company for ten years.（他担任该公司经理十年。）

2. be responsible for 对……负责。例句：The engineer is responsible for the design of the bridge.（这位工程师负责这座桥梁的设计。）

3. take the position of 担任……职位。例句：She took the position of marketing director last year.（她去年担任了市场总监一职。）

来源：孙武湖畔的风一点号