摘要：本文解释了父母如何为具有双重国籍的子女申请出入境通行证（churujing tongxingzheng）或旅行证（lvxingzheng）。SFBC帮助您分析您孩子是否适合办理，或者是否有其他更好的选择。
This article explains how parents can apply for an Exit and Entry Permit (出入境通行证 churujing tongxingzheng) or a Travel Document (旅行证 lvxingzheng) on behalf of a dual nationality child. SFBC helps you analyze whether your child is a good fit or if there are better options.
本文解释了父母如何为具有双重国籍的子女申请出入境通行证（churujing tongxingzheng）或旅行证（lvxingzheng）。SFBC帮助您分析您孩子是否适合办理，或者是否有其他更好的选择。
Background
背景
Certain children may automatically acquire Chinese citizenship at birth (in China or abroad) if one or both parents are Chinese.
如果父母中有一方或双方是中国公民，某些儿童可能在出生时（在中国或国外）自动获得中国国籍。
At the same time, the child may automatically acquire or qualify to apply for foreign citizenship. For example, a child born in the U.S. is normally a citizen. And a child born outside the U.S. to one citizen parent and one noncitizen parent automatically acquires citizenship at birth if the parents are married and the citizen parent was previously physically present in the U.S. for periods totaling not less than 5 years, at least 2 of which were after age 14. INA § 301(g).
与此同时，该儿童可能自动获得或符合申请外国国籍的条件。例如，在美国出生的儿童通常具有美国国籍。根据《美国国籍法》第301(g)条，如果父母已婚，且美国公民一方此前在美国累计居住时间不少于5年，其中至少2年是在14岁之后，那么在美国境外出生的儿童在出生时自动获得美国国籍。
According to the Exit and Entry Administration Law, article 9, a Chinese citizen who exit or enter China shall hold a passport or other travel document.
根据《中华人民共和国出境入境管理法》第9条，中国公民出境或入境中国时，应持有护照或其他旅行证件。
But, if the child holds a foreign passport, the Chinese government is unwilling to issue a Chinese passport. That’s because under China’s Nationality Law, article 4, the PRC government doesn’t recognize a Chinese citizen’s foreign nationality. And this has been interpreted to mean that it would be a nationality conflict to issue a Chinese passport to a dual nationality child holding a foreign passport.
但是，如果儿童持有外国护照，中国政府则不愿为其签发中国护照。因为根据《中华人民共和国国籍法》第4条，中国政府不承认中国公民的外国国籍。这被解释为，为持有外国护照的双重国籍儿童签发中国护照将导致国籍冲突。
Exit and Entry Permit
出入境通行证
What is an Exit and Entry Permit?
什么是出入境通行证？
This is a permit for a Chinese citizen to depart and return to China within 3 months of departure. It is issued in circumstances where it is inappropriate to issue a regular passport due to the applicant’s nationality conflict, namely that the individual already holds a foreign passport.
这是允许中国公民在离境后3个月内返回中国的证件。在因申请人存在国籍冲突而不宜签发普通护照的情况下，会签发该证件，即该个人已经持有外国护照。
I’ve heard parents inaccurately refer to the Exit and Entry Permit as an “exit visa” for their baby. But remember that this is not a visa granted to a foreign national. Instead, it’s a travel document (not unlike a passport) granted to a Chinese citizen whom the Chinese government has deemed unqualified for a passport. The inside cover states, “The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China requests all civil and military authorities of foreign countries to allow the bearer of this permit to pass freely and afford assistance in case of need.”
我曾听到一些父母错误地将出入境通行证称为婴儿的“出境签证”，但请注意，这不是授予外国人的签证，而是授予中国公民的旅行证件（类似于护照），中国政府认为该公民不符合护照申请条件。内页封面声明：“中华人民共和国外交部提请各国军政机关准许持证人自由通过，并在需要时予以协助。”
Still, as a practical matter, the only authorities who will need to review this document are the Ministry of Public Security’s border control troops at the airport, sea port, or land border when the child seeks to exit and reenter China.
不过，实际上，唯一需要审查该证件的机构是当儿童离境和入境中国时，机场、港口或陆地边境的公安部边防部队。
What are the requirements for issuance of an Exit and Entry Permit?
出入境通行证的签发条件是什么？
Applicant is a Chinese citizen
申请人是中国公民
Applicant holds a foreign passport
申请人持有外国护照
In some cities, the applicant will be required to cancel their hukou, if they have one. The National Immigration Administration has stated that this is not a national policy, but the requirement persists in some cities.
在某些城市，申请人如果拥有户口，将被要求注销户口。国家移民管理局曾表示，这并非全国性政策，但在某些城市仍存在这一要求。
Note that hukou cancellation does not amount to renunciation of PRC citizenship. The child remains a PRC citizen but no longer will have access to benefits that depend on a hukou (e.g., treatment as a local for purposes of attending public schools and medical insurance).
请注意，注销户口并不等同于放弃中华人民共和国国籍。该儿童仍然是中华人民共和国公民，但不再享有依赖于户口的福利（例如，以当地居民身份享受公立学校入学和医疗保险等）。
Application Procedures
申请程序
Apply at the Exit and Entry Administration of the Public Security Bureau in the district of residence (居住地).
在居住地区公安分局的出入境管理局申请。
The child must come in person to be photographed on the spot. One parent must either come in person or be represented by an agent with a national ID and power of attorney.
儿童必须亲自到场拍照。一名父母必须亲自到场，或者由代理人携带身份证和授权书代为办理。
The applicant’s identity should be checked in the public security bureau’s “nationwide legal database of persons not permitted to leave China” and “nationwide state personnel database.”
申请人的身份应在公安局的“全国不准出境人员法定数据库”和“全国国家工作人员数据库”中进行核查。
PSB processing time is typically about 5 work days.
公安局的处理时间通常约为5个工作日。
The application fee is 15 RMB.
申请费用为15元人民币。
Required Documents
所需文件
Application form
申请表
One recent two-inch photograph
一张近期二寸照片
Foreign passport
外国护照
Birth certificate. If the birth was abroad, this should be apostilled and accompanied by a Chinese translation by a translator acceptable to the local PSB. The PSB may require a copy of the translation company’s license.
出生证明。如果出生在国外，该证明应经过认证，并附有当地公安局认可的翻译机构的中文翻译。公安局可能要求提供翻译公司的营业执照副本。
Most recent Exit and Entry Permit or Travel Permit (not required for first-time applicants)
最近一次的出入境许可证或旅行证（首次申请者无需提供）
Evidence of the applicant’s district of residence, namely, the PRC citizen parent’s local hukou (户口) or residence permit (居住证). See State Council, Interim Regulation on Residence Permits (居住证暂行条例), Order No. 663 of the State Council, issued Nov. 26, 2015, effective Jan. 1, 2016 (“A citizen who leaves his or her place of permanent residence, resides in another city for more than half a year, and satisfies one of the conditions of having a legal and stable job, having a legal and stable residence, continuously attending school may …. apply for a residence permit.”).
证明申请人居住区的文件，即中国公民父母的当地户口簿或居住证。参见国务院《居住证暂行条例》，国务院令第663号，2015年11月26日发布，2016年1月1日生效（“公民离开常住户口所在地，在其他城市居住半年以上，符合有合法稳定就业、合法稳定住所、连续就读条件之一的，可以……申请居住证。”）
Foreign parent’s valid passport (original and copy of the ID page and visa page)
外国父母的有效护照（原件及身份证页和签证页的复印件）
Chinese parent’s national ID card and household registration booklet (original and copy)
中国父母的身份证和户口簿（原件及复印件）
Parents’ marriage certificate. If the marriage was abroad, this should be apostilled and accompanied by a Chinese translation by a translator acceptable to the local PSB. The PSB may require a copy of the translation company’s license.
父母的结婚证。如果结婚在国外进行，该证书应经过认证，并附有当地公安局认可的翻译机构的中文翻译。公安局可能要求提供翻译公司的营业执照副本。
If the child was born out of wedlock, there may be additional documents required.
如果儿童是非婚生子女，可能需要额外的文件。
Applicant’s hukou, if any.
申请人的户口簿（如有）。
The PSB exit and entry administration’s procedures for issuance of an Exit and Entry Permit differ slightly depending on the locality:
公安局出入境管理局发放出入境许可证的程序因地区而异：
Beijing
北京
Shanghai
上海
Dongguan
东莞
Shenyang
沈阳
Booking a Flight
预订航班
Book the child’s flight with the foreign passport, then upon checking in to the flight departing China, show that passport. When passing through border control, show the exit and entry permit as evidence the child has a right to leave, and show the foreign passport (with a visa if needed) as evidence the child has a right to enter the country of destination. When reentering China, show border control the exit and entry permit as evidence the child is a PRC citizen with a right to enter China.
使用外国护照为儿童预订航班。在办理离境中国的航班登机手续时，出示该护照。在通过边防检查时，出示出入境许可证作为儿童有权离境的证明，并出示外国护照（如有需要，附上签证）作为儿童有权进入目的地国家的证明。再次入境中国时，向边防检查出示出入境许可证，作为儿童是中国公民并有权进入中国的证明。
Travel Document
旅行证
If abroad, the child may apply for a Travel Document (旅行证 lvxingzheng) at the PRC embassy or consulate with jurisdiction over their place of residence.
如果在国外，儿童可以在其居住地有管辖权的中华人民共和国大使馆或领事馆申请旅行证（lvxingzheng）。
According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ Instructions for Chinese Citizens to Apply for Passports and Travel Documents Overseas, a Travel Document is available to “some Chinese minors with special circumstances,” namely:
根据外交部发布的《中国公民在国外申请护照和旅行证指南》，旅行证适用于“具有特殊情况的中国未成年人”，具体包括：
a minor born in a foreign country, if (a) the minor has foreign nationality by birth, (b) one or both parents are Chinese citizens, and (c) at least one Chinese parent has not obtained permanent residence in a foreign country at the time of the minor’s birth; or
在国外出生的未成年人，如果（a）该未成年人出生时即具有外国国籍，（b）其父母一方或双方为中国公民，且（c）在其出生时，至少有一名中国父母未获得外国永久居留权；或者
A minor who is born in China, if (a) one parent is a Chinese citizen and one parent who is a foreign citizen, and (b) the minor is born with foreign nationality in accordance with the laws of the country of nationality of the foreign parent.
在中国出生的未成年人，如果（a）其父母一方为中国公民，另一方为外国公民，且（b）该未成年人根据其外国父母国籍所在国的法律，出生时即具有外国国籍。
The document is valid for multiple entries to China over a 2-year period.
该证件有效期为2年，可多次入境中国。
While the Ministry’s Instructions refer to “minors,” in practice there appears to be no age limit to apply for a Travel Document. Our firm is unaware of any public rule in writing on this point, the Chinese Consulate in Los Angeles and the Chinese Embassy in Washington, DC, have both told this to our firm.
虽然外交部的指南中提到“未成年人”，但在实践中，申请旅行证似乎并无年龄限制。我们公司尚未发现有书面的公开规定，但洛杉矶的中国领事馆和华盛顿特区的中国大使馆都向我们确认了这一点。
Chinese Embassies and Consulates now use the “Chinese Consul” (中国领事) App for purposes of travel permit applications. The application form and the following supporting documents are submitted via the app.
中国大使馆和领事馆目前使用“中国领事”应用程序来处理旅行证申请。申请表及以下支持文件需通过该应用程序提交。
Current foreign passport
当前有效的外国护照
Passport-style photo
护照规格照片
Parents’ marriage certificate
父母的结婚证
Proof of long-term foreign residence address for the minor
未成年人长期外国居住地址证明
Proof of entry to the U.S.
进入美国的证明
Birth certificate
出生证明
Copy of parent’s valid China passport or ID card
父母有效中国护照或身份证复印件
Declaration of Consent to Apply for a Passport/Travel Document signed by a parent
父母签署的申请护照/旅行证同意书
The Consulate will review the materials submitted, leaving messages in the app if the materials need to be supplemented, or confirming that the materials are complete.
领事馆将审查提交的材料，如果材料需要补充，将在应用程序中留言，或者确认材料完整。
If the materials are complete, the Consulate will request that the applicant mail in certain original documents.
如果材料完整，领事馆将要求申请人邮寄某些原件。
Payment can be submitted by credit card or WeChat.
可以通过信用卡或微信支付申请费用。
The Consulate may then conduct an interview through the app’s videoconference function.
领事馆可能会通过应用程序的视频会议功能进行面试。
The processing time is about 15 days.
处理时间约为15天。
The Travel Document contains these notes:
旅行证包含以下说明：
This travel document is an identity certificate for travel purpose in lieu of a passport and is valid for travel to all countries.
此旅行证是代替护照用于旅行目的的身份证明，可用于前往所有国家
The bearer of this travel document is a citizen of the People’s Republic of China. The issuance, replacement, reissuance and endorsement of this travel document shall be effected [sic] by the diplomatic and consular missions of the People’s Republic of China in foreign countries, or other Chinese overseas agencies duly authorized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China.
此旅行证的持有者是中华人民共和国公民。此旅行证的签发、换发、补发和加注，由中华人民共和国驻外外交和领事机构，或经中华人民共和国外交部授权的其他海外机构办理。
This travel document contains 32 (numbered) pages. It is valid for two years, unless otherwise stated. It must be replaced with a new one when its validity period expires or it has no further space for visas.
此旅行证共有32页（编号）。有效期为2年，除非另有说明。有效期届满或签证页用完时，需更换新证。
This travel document shall be kept carefully and used properly. lt shall not be mutilated, tampered with, or transferred to another person for unlawful use. Any case of loss or destruction should be immediately reported to the nearest issuing authority and the local police or public security authorities.
此旅行证应妥善保管，正确使用。不得毁损、篡改或转借他人非法使用。如有遗失或损毁，应立即向最近的发证机关以及当地警方或公安部门报告。
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