摘要：Jon Clifton是全球分析和咨询公司盖洛普的首席执行官。他的使命是通过盖洛普世界民意调查（Gallup World Poll）这一横跨 150 多个国家的百年项目，将 10 亿人与他们的独特优势联系起来，协助组织营造欣欣向荣的工作场所，并帮助全球 80

陈靖：What Do People Need Most From Leaders?

（人们最希望从领导者身上得到什么？）

盖洛普公司最新研究揭示全球追随者的四大需求

作者：

Jon Clifton

首席执行官

华盛顿特区

Jon Clifton是全球分析和咨询公司盖洛普的首席执行官。他的使命是通过盖洛普世界民意调查（Gallup World Poll）这一横跨 150 多个国家的百年项目，将 10 亿人与他们的独特优势联系起来，协助组织营造欣欣向荣的工作场所，并帮助全球 80 亿公民发表意见。2008 年加入盖洛普后，克利夫顿升任公司咨询部门的全球管理合伙人，利用行为经济学为领导者提供建议。

他在 2022 年出版的新书《盲点》（Blind Spot: The Global Rise of Unhappiness）在《华尔街日报》畅销。克里夫顿还为《经济学人》、英国广播公司和《哈佛商业评论》等著名平台撰稿。他在盖洛普公司（Gallup）担任董事职务，曾是子午线国际（Meridian International）、Streetwise Partners 和外交政策青年专业人士组织的董事会成员。

克利夫顿拥有密歇根大学政治学和历史学士学位以及内布拉斯加大学国际法法学博士学位。他是贝勒大学宗教研究所的高级研究员，并被米德兰大学、北卡罗来纳大学彭布罗克分校和西新英格兰大学授予荣誉博士学位。

Benedict Vigers

高级全球新闻撰稿人

伦敦

本尼迪克特-维格斯（Benedict Vigers）是盖洛普公司的资深全球新闻撰稿人。他负责为客户提供咨询，分析全球研究，并与政策制定者、学者、私人利益相关者和公众等各类受众进行战略沟通。本尼迪克特的主要专业领域是通过盖洛普世界民意调查（The Gallup World Poll）开展盖洛普全球民意研究。他发表了 50 多篇关于全球舆论的新闻文章，重点关注世界各地的各种问题和国家。

在 2022 年加入盖洛普公司之前，本尼迪克特曾担任英国广播公司新闻和英国广播公司世界服务的高级研究员。本尼迪克特拥有剑桥大学建筑与城市研究硕士学位，他在剑桥大学的学术研究重点是全球重大体育赛事背景下的城市更新政治。他拥有伦敦国王学院的地理学学士学位，目前常驻伦敦。

卓越的领导力并非仅仅由权威来界定，而是取决于追随者对领导者的信任与支持程度。无论是国家、组织还是其他团体中，最优秀的领导者在做决策时都会把追随者放在心上，因为没有追随者，即便能力最强的领导者也缺乏真正的影响力。

在一个科技飞速进步且地缘政治充满不确定性的世界里，盖洛普着手探究全球各地的人们对领导者有哪些需求 —— 方法很简单，那就是直接询问他们。我们的研究结果详情都在最新发布的《全球领导力报告：追随者的期望》中呈现。

希望的普遍性

在 52 个国家和地区（占全球成年人口的 76%，占全球国内生产总值的 86%）中，盖洛普提出了两个问题：

1.哪位领导者对您的日常生活影响最积极？

2.现在，请列出最能描述此人对您生活所作贡献的三个词。

人们用来描述在他们生活中最积极的领导者的三个词语可归为四大主题。希望是最突出的主要需求，在与积极领导者相关的所有特质中占比 56%，远远超过提及率第二的关键需求 —— 信任（33%）。同情（7%）和稳定（4%）加起来约占所提到的积极领导特质的九分之一。

在被提及的领导者中，家庭成员和管理人员是最常出现的，但无论人们所选择的领导者属于哪种类型，他们对领导者的需求都是一致的。

基于年龄和地域等因素，人们对领导者的需求会略有不同。尽管存在这些细微差别，但追随者在他们的领导者身上所追求的最重要的品质在全世界范围内是惊人一致的：希望的普遍性。

领导力与追随者幸福感之间的联系

人们对自己生活的评价与是否具有积极的领导特质之间存在联系。

在那些没有提及希望与他们所认同的领导者有关的人中，33%的人被归类为生活状态良好（即他们对自己当前生活的评分为 “7分”或以上（满分10分），并且对自己未来五年生活预期的评分为 “8分”或以上），9%的人被归类为生活痛苦（即他们对自己当前和未来生活的评分均为 “4分”或以下）。

然而，一旦对希望的需求得到满足，生活状态良好的比例就会上升到 38%，而生活痛苦的比例则会下降到 6%。由于希望是出现频率最高的需求，这表明它与减少痛苦之间存在着联系。

那些拥有能给予信任和希望的领导者的追随者，与那些拥有只给予希望的领导者的追随者，他们生活状态良好的可能性是一样的。但是，当作为基本需求的希望，与信任以及同情或稳定相结合时，生活状态良好的比例会再次上升（分别达到 39% 和 43%）。

这表明，人们的幸福感与在日常生活中有一位能满足他们多种需求的领导者之间存在联系。当希望程度较低时，痛苦的比例较高，但随着多种需求得到满足，痛苦的比例会降低。尽管痛苦的基本比率较低，但痛苦的减少依旧意义重大，因为痛苦程度的细微差别，对于正在经历痛苦的人来说意义重大。

这对领导者意味着什么

当今的领导者以及未来注定要成为领导者的人，面临着许多深刻的挑战，绝不止是人工智能领域的最新发展。要应对我们这个时代不断演变的挑战，并在这个不断变化的世界中取得成功，领导者最终必须了解三件事才能获得成功。

首先，领导者必须了解追随者的需求。这不仅能加强追随者与领导者之间的关系，还能提高其领导力产生持久、积极影响的可能性。但并非所有领导者都能自然而然地满足希望、信任、同情和稳定这四大需求。

因此，领导者还需要了解自己。了解自己的天赋，并通过知识和技能将其发展为优势，能够释放个人独特的领导风格，让他们充分发挥自己的专长。当领导者利用自身优势引领时，有助于创造可持续的高绩效实践，从而激发出最优秀的自己 —— 以及追随者最优秀的一面。

最成功的领导者还能深刻理解其特定角色的要求以及附着于该角色的期望。尽管角色、组织和行业各不相同，但最优秀的领导者都能通过凝聚多个团队、做出明智决策、推动组织的目标和绩效，从而取得成功。领导者越能通过发挥自己的独特优势，并将其运用到具体的角色中，为追随者带来希望、信任、同情和稳定，他们就越能取得成功。

下载在世界政府峰会（World Governments Summit）上发布的《全球领导力报告：追随者的期望》，以进一步了解领导力和追随者的需求。

New Gallup research spotlights four needs of followers worldwide

by Jon Clifton and Benedict Vigers

Great leadership is defined not by authority alone, but by how much the people who follow leaders trust and support them. The best leaders -- of countries, organizations or other groups -- keep their followers in mind when making decisions, because without them, even the most capable leader lacks true influence.

In a rapidly changing world of technological advancement and geopolitical uncertainty, Gallup set out to learn what people around the world need from their leaders -- simply by asking them. The full results from what we found are detailed in the newly released Global Leadership Report: What Followers Want.

Across 52 countries and territories -- accounting for 76% of the world’s adult population and 86% of global gross domestic product -- Gallup asked two questions:

The three words that people use to describe the most positive leaders in their lives fall into four themes. Hope stands out as the dominant need, accounting for 56% of all attributes tied to positive leaders, far outnumbering mentions of the next key need, trust (33%). Compassion (7%) and stability (4%) combined account for about one in nine positive leadership traits mentioned.

Family members and managers are the leaders mentioned most often, but people’s needs from leaders are consistent regardless of the type of leader people choose.

There are some slight variations based on factors such as age and geography. Despite these subtleties, the most important quality followers seek in their leaders is remarkably consistent worldwide: the universality of hope.

There is a connection between people’s ratings of their lives and the presence of positive leadership traits.

Among those who do not mention hope in relation to the leader they identified, 33% are classified as thriving (meaning they rate their current life a “7” or higher out of 10 and their anticipated life in five years an “8” or higher), and 9% are classified as suffering (meaning they rate both their current and future lives a “4” or lower).

However, once the need for hope is met, thriving rises to 38%, and suffering dips to 6%. As hope is the need with the highest prevalence, this suggests a link to a reduction in suffering.

Followers with leaders who provide trust and hope are just as likely to be thriving as those with leaders who provide hope only. But when hope -- the foundational need -- is combined with trust and either compassion or stability, rates of thriving increase again (39% and 43%, respectively).

This suggests a link between people’s wellbeing and having a leader in their daily life who meets several of their needs. Suffering is higher with low hope but decreases as numerous needs are met. Although the base rate of suffering is low, the decline in suffering is significant, as even slight differences in suffering mean a lot to the people who experience it.

Today’s leaders, and those destined to lead in the future, face many profound challenges, not the least of which are recent developments in artificial intelligence. To face the evolving challenges of our time and succeed in this changing world, leaders must ultimately know three things to succeed.

First, leaders must understand the needs of their followers. This not only strengthens the follower-leader relationship but also increases the likelihood that their leadership will have a lasting, positive impact. But not all leaders will naturally fulfill the four needs of hope, trust, compassion and stability.

As such, leaders also need to know themselves. Understanding one’s natural talents, and developing them into strengths through knowledge and skill, can unlock individuals’ unique leadership styles and allow them to capitalize on what they do best. When leaders lead with their strengths, it helps create sustainable, high-performance practices that bring out the best version of themselves -- and those who follow them.

The most successful leaders also have a deep understanding of the demands of their specific role and the expectations attached to it. The best leaders achieve success -- despite varied roles, organizations and industries -- by bringing multiple teams together and making great decisions, driving the purpose and performance of their organization. The more leaders can provide their followers with hope, trust, compassion and stability by leaning on their unique strengths and applying them to the specifics of their role, the more successful they will be.

Learn more about leadership and the needs of followers by downloading Global Leadership Report: What Followers Want, launched at the World Governments Summit.

来源：非 常道