摘要：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即 “过去的过去”，表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语，也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下文提示等来体现时间先后关系。

一、过去完成时的含义：

过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即 “过去的过去”，表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语，也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下文提示等来体现时间先后关系。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.12岁时，爱迪生就开始自己谋生。

The Pakistani people had already realized that they had won before the plane that India had just bought was destroyed.印度刚买的飞机被击毁之前巴基斯坦人民就已经意识到他们已经胜利了。

二、 过去完成时的基本构成：

had（not） +过去分词。

①We had（hadn’t ）finished our homework when the teacher came into the classroom .

老师走进教室时，我们已经（还没有）完成家庭作业。

②--Had she told you to go to the library earlier yesterday?

他昨天告诉过你早点儿到图书馆吗?

--Yes, he had. (No, he hadn’t.)

是的,他告诉过我。(不,他没有。)

注意：（had not ）常简写为 （hadn't）。

三、过去完成时的用法

1、过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。

①When we arrived at the station, the train had already left.

当我们到达车站时，火车已经离开了。

② My elder sister had already prepared dinner when my mom came back.

当妈妈回来时，我姐姐已经把晚饭做好了。

2、表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的某个时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作，常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。

①By the time I left the school, my mother had taught there for 5 years.

当我离开学校时，我妈妈已经在那里教了5年书了。

②My younger brother said that he had made great progress in English since he came here.我弟弟说自从他来到这里他就在英语上取得了很大的进步。

3、放在told，said，asked，thought，wondered等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。

①My friend Tom told me that he had passed the exam.

我的好朋友告汤姆诉我，他已通过了考试。

②She wondered who had broken the door .

她想知道是谁把门撞坏了。

③My sister happily told me that she had been already an excellent member of the CPC.我妹妹高兴地告诉我，她已经是一名优秀的共产党员了。

四、用在“It was the first/second/third…time that…”句型中。在此句型中，主句用了（一般过去时），that引导的定语从句要用（过去完成时）。

It was the first time we had discussed the issue of Taiwan's return to the motherland.

这是我们第一次讨论台湾回归祖国的问题。

This was the second time we had met in 20 years.这是我们20年来第二次见面。

五、过去完成时常见经典句型。

1、时间先后句型（By + 过去时间）

By the end of last term, we had learned 3,000 words.到上学期末，我们已学3000词。

2、Before/When + 一般过去时从句

When I arrived at the station, the train had left.我到车站时，火车已开走。

3、持续到过去的句型（For + 时间段）：

He had lived in Beijing for 10 years before he moved to Shanghai.

搬去上海前，他在北京住了10年。

4、Since + 过去时间点

It was three years since he had left home.

他离家已有三年。

5、宾语从句中的“过去的过去”。主句动词为过去时（如said, told, knew等），从句动作先于主句时用过去完成时。

The teacher told us she had visited the Great Wall twice.老师说她去过长城两次。

6、特殊句型：Hardly/Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when....

Hardly had I sat down when the bell rang.

我刚坐下铃就响了。

7、No sooner + 主语 + 过去分词 + than...

No sooner had he arrived than it rained.

他刚到就下雨了。

来源：一枝寒梅初中英语数学