摘要：This post will introduce the research object and keywords of "Free Value-added Competition in Intensive Reading Journal Papers: Di

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“喆学（143）：精读期刊论文

《Competing on Freemium: Digital Competition with Network Effects》

研究对象和关键词”

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"Zhexue (143): Intensive reading of journal articles

Research objects and keywords"

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本期推文将从思维导图、精读内容、知识补充三个方面介绍精读期刊论文免费增值竞争：具有网络效应的数字竞争》的研究对象和关键词。

This post will introduce the research object and keywords of "Free Value-added Competition in Intensive Reading Journal Papers: Digital Competition with Network Effects" from three aspects: mind map, intensive reading content, and knowledge supplement.

一、思维导图（Mind Maps）

二、精读内容（Intensive reading content）

(1)研究对象(Study subjects)

免费增值（Freemium）是一种商业模式，它结合了“免费”（Free）和“高级”（Premium）两个概念，通过提供免费的基础产品或服务来吸引大量用户，同时向那些需要更多功能、更高服务品质或更好体验的用户收取费用，以实现盈利。

Freemium is a business model that combines the concepts of "free" and "premium". It attracts a large number of users by providing free basic products or services, and charges fees to users who need more features, higher service quality or better experience to make profits.

免费基础服务：用户可以免费使用产品的核心功能或基本服务。例如，社交媒体平台让用户免费注册和使用基本的社交功能，如发布内容、添加好友等。

Free basic services: Users can use the core functions or basic services of the product for free. For example, social media platforms allow users to register and use basic social functions such as posting content and adding friends for free.

付费高级服务：企业会提供一些额外的、更高级的功能或服务，只有付费用户才能使用。比如，一些办公软件的免费版功能有限，而付费版则提供更强大的功能，如高级数据分析工具、无广告体验等。

Paid premium services: Companies will provide some additional, more advanced features or services that only paid users can use. For example, the free version of some office software has limited functions, while the paid version provides more powerful functions, such as advanced data analysis tools, ad-free experience, etc.

用户分层：通过将用户分为免费用户和付费用户，企业可以满足不同用户的需求，同时通过付费用户实现盈利。

User stratification: By dividing users into free users and paid users, companies can meet the needs of different users and make profits through paid users at the same time.

目标：通过免费服务吸引大量用户，利用口碑传播扩大用户基础，然后通过付费用户获取收入。

Goal: Attract a large number of users through free services, expand the user base through word-of-mouth communication, and then obtain income through paid users.

(2)关键词(Keyword)

1.数字竞争

1.Digital Competition

数字竞争是指在数字经济环境下，企业、国家或地区之间围绕数字技术、数据资源、数字平台、数字基础设施等关键要素展开的竞争。其核心在于通过数字化手段提升竞争力，创造和保持竞争优势，并以此推动经济和社会的发展。

Digital competition refers to the rivalry among enterprises, countries, or regions in the context of the digital economy, focusing on key elements such as digital technologies, data resources, digital platforms, and digital infrastructure. The core lies in enhancing competitiveness through digital means, creating and sustaining competitive advantages, and thereby promoting economic and social development.

2.免费增值

2.Freemium

免费增值（Freemium）是一种将免费与付费相结合的商业模式。它通过向用户提供免费的基础版本来吸引大量用户，同时为那些有更高需求的用户提供付费的高级版本或增值服务，从而实现盈利。这种模式的核心在于利用免费服务吸引用户，通过增值服务创造收入，同时通过用户口碑传播扩大用户群体。

Freemium is a business model that combines free and paid services. It attracts a large user base by offering a free basic version, while generating revenue by providing premium versions or value-added services to users with higher demands. The core of this model lies in attracting users through free offerings, generating income through paid upgrades, and expanding the user base through word-of-mouth.

3.网络效应

3.Network Effect

网络效应是指一个网络的价值与该网络的用户数量呈非线性增长的关系。具体来说，当一个网络的用户数量增加时，该网络对每个用户的效用（或价值）也会增加，因为用户能够与更多的人或资源进行互动、连接或交易。

The network effect refers to the nonlinear increase in the value of a network as its user base grows. Specifically, as more users join a network, the utility (or value) of the network for each user also increases, due to the expanded possibilities for interaction, connection, or transaction with other users or resources.

4.市场优势

4.Market Advantage

市场优势（Market Advantage）是指企业在市场竞争中所拥有的独特条件或能力，使其能够在特定市场中脱颖而出，获得更高的市场份额、客户忠诚度或盈利能力。市场优势是企业通过资源、技术、品牌、运营效率等方面的优势所形成的竞争壁垒，能够帮助企业在激烈的市场竞争中保持领先地位。

Market advantage refers to the unique conditions or capabilities that enable a firm to stand out in market competition, achieve higher market share, customer loyalty, or profitability. It results from advantages in resources, technology, brand, or operational efficiency, forming competitive barriers that help the firm maintain a leading position in a highly competitive environment.

5.业务模型

5.Business Model

业务模型（Business Model）是描述企业如何创造价值、传递价值和获取价值的框架。它是一个系统化的概念，涵盖了企业运营的各个方面，包括产品或服务的提供、客户群体的定位、价值主张的传递、收入来源的构成以及成本结构等。业务模型是企业战略的核心，决定了企业如何在市场中定位自身，以及如何实现可持续的盈利和发展。

A business model is a framework that describes how a company creates, delivers, and captures value. It is a systematic concept that encompasses all aspects of business operations, including product or service delivery, customer segmentation, value proposition, revenue streams, and cost structure. The business model is central to corporate strategy, determining how the company positions itself in the market and how it achieves sustainable profitability and growth.

三、知识补充（Knowledge supplement）

数据在数字竞争中扮演着至关重要的角色，它不仅是数字经济的核心生产要素，更是企业、行业和国家获取竞争优势的关键资源。以下是数据在数字竞争中的具体作用：

Data plays a vital role in digital competition. It is not only a core production factor in the digital economy but also a key resource for enterprises, industries, and nations to gain competitive advantages. The following outlines the specific roles of data in digital competition:

1. 数据作为核心生产要素

1. Data as a Core Production Factor

资源属性：数据是数字时代最重要的资源之一。通过收集和分析用户行为、市场动态、生产流程等数据，企业可以更好地了解市场需求，优化产品和服务，从而提升竞争力。

Resource Attribute: Data is one of the most important resources in the digital era. By collecting and analyzing user behavior, market trends, and production processes, enterprises can better understand market needs, optimize products and services, and enhance competitiveness.

价值创造：数据能够帮助企业发现新的商业机会，开发新的产品或服务。例如，通过分析消费者购买习惯，企业可以推出个性化的产品推荐，提高用户满意度和忠诚度。

Value Creation: Data helps companies discover new business opportunities and develop new products or services. For example, by analyzing consumer purchasing habits, companies can launch personalized product recommendations to improve user satisfaction and loyalty.

2. 提升决策效率

2. Improving Decision-Making Efficiency

数据驱动的决策：数据为企业提供了更准确、更全面的信息支持，帮助管理层做出更科学、更合理的决策。通过数据分析，企业可以快速识别市场趋势、客户需求变化和潜在风险，从而及时调整战略。

Data-Driven Decisions: Data provides enterprises with more accurate and comprehensive information to support scientific and rational decision-making. Through data analysis, companies can quickly identify market trends, customer demand changes, and potential risks, enabling timely strategic adjustments.

实时监控与优化：借助大数据技术，企业可以实时监控业务运营情况，及时发现并解决问题。例如，电商平台可以通过实时数据分析优化物流配送路线，提高配送效率。

Real-Time Monitoring and Optimization: With big data technologies, enterprises can monitor operations in real time and promptly identify and resolve issues. For example, e-commerce platforms can use real-time data analysis to optimize delivery routes and improve logistics efficiency.

3. 优化用户体验

3. Enhancing User Experience

个性化服务：数据可以帮助企业深入了解每个用户的需求和偏好，从而提供个性化的服务和产品。例如，视频平台通过分析用户的观看历史，推荐符合用户兴趣的内容。

Personalized Services: Data enables enterprises to understand individual user needs and preferences, thereby offering personalized products and services. For instance, video platforms recommend content aligned with user interests by analyzing viewing history.

提升用户满意度：通过数据反馈，企业可以及时了解用户对产品和服务的评价，及时改进不足之处，从而提升用户满意度和忠诚度。

Improving User Satisfaction: Through data feedback, enterprises can quickly understand user evaluations of products and services, make timely improvements, and thus enhance user satisfaction and loyalty.

4. 增强创新能力

4. Enhancing Innovation Capability

数据挖掘与分析：通过对海量数据的挖掘和分析，企业可以发现新的业务模式和创新点。例如，人工智能和机器学习技术可以帮助企业从数据中提取有价值的信息，推动产品和服务的创新。

Data Mining and Analysis: By mining and analyzing massive data sets, enterprises can identify new business models and innovation opportunities. Technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning can extract valuable insights from data, driving product and service innovation.

支持研发和迭代：数据可以为企业的研发工作提供方向和依据。通过分析用户反馈和市场数据，企业可以快速迭代产品，满足市场变化的需求。

Support for R&D and Iteration: Data provides direction and evidence for enterprise research and development. By analyzing user feedback and market data, companies can iterate products rapidly to meet changing market demands.

5. 构建竞争优势

5. Building Competitive Advantage

差异化竞争：数据可以帮助企业发现独特的竞争优势。例如，通过分析竞争对手的数据，企业可以找到差异化的产品定位和市场策略。

Differentiated Competition: Data helps companies uncover unique competitive advantages. For example, analyzing competitors’ data can reveal differentiated product positioning and market strategies.

规模经济与网络效应：数据的积累和利用可以带来规模经济和网络效应。拥有更多数据的企业可以通过数据分析优化运营成本，同时通过数据共享和协同效应提升整个生态系统的竞争力。

Economies of Scale and Network Effects: Data accumulation and utilization create economies of scale and network effects. Companies with more data can reduce operational costs through analysis and enhance the overall competitiveness of the ecosystem via data sharing and collaboration.

6. 支持战略决策

6. Supporting Strategic Decision-Making

市场洞察：数据可以帮助企业深入了解市场动态和竞争对手的策略，从而制定更有效的市场进入策略或竞争策略。

Market Insights: Data enables enterprises to deeply understand market dynamics and competitors’ strategies, facilitating more effective market entry and competitive strategies.

战略规划：通过对宏观经济数据、行业趋势数据的分析，企业可以更好地规划长期发展战略，把握市场机会。

Strategic Planning: Analyzing macroeconomic and industry trend data allows companies to plan long-term development strategies more effectively and seize market opportunities.

7. 数据安全与合规性

7. Data Security and Compliance

数据保护：在数字竞争中，数据安全至关重要。企业需要保护用户数据不被泄露或滥用，同时遵守相关法律法规，如数据隐私法、网络安全法等。

Data Protection: Data security is critical in digital competition. Enterprises must safeguard user data against leakage or misuse and comply with relevant laws and regulations, such as data privacy and cybersecurity laws.

合规性优势：合规的数据管理和使用不仅可以避免法律风险，还可以增强用户信任，提升企业的品牌形象。

Compliance Advantage: Proper and compliant data management avoids legal risks, builds user trust, and strengthens corporate brand reputation.

8. 推动行业和国家竞争

8. Driving Industry and National Competitiveness

行业竞争：数据是行业竞争的关键要素。拥有高质量数据和先进数据分析能力的企业往往能够在行业中占据领先地位。

Industry Competition: Data is a key element of industry competition. Enterprises with high-quality data and advanced analytical capabilities often secure leading positions within their industries.

国家竞争：数据资源的掌握和利用能力已经成为国家竞争力的重要体现。国家通过制定数据战略、推动数字基础设施建设、培养数据人才等方式，提升在全球数字竞争中的地位。

National Competitiveness: The ability to control and utilize data resources has become a core aspect of national competitiveness. Nations enhance their positions in global digital competition by formulating data strategies, promoting digital infrastructure, and cultivating data talent.

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翻译：谷歌翻译

参考资料：谷歌、Chat GPT

参考文献：Kevin J. Boudreau, Lars Bo Jeppesen, Milan Miric. Competing on freemium: Digital competition with network effects [J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2021, 43(7): 1374-1401.

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