exemplary:从“典范的”到“惩戒的”

摘要:从“示例的”引申为有评价性质的“模范的、典范的”(其实汉字的“模”和“范”也是两种工具名,是中性的,但“模范的”则有积极评价之义)。品读例句,

1. exemplary是从名词example派生的形容词,字面含义是“示例的、典型代表的”,

【例句1】She is exemplary of the new generation of film-makers. (她是新一代电影制作人的典型代表。)[牛津高级学者辞典]

2. 从“示例的”引申为有评价性质的“模范的、典范的”(其实汉字的“模”和“范”也是两种工具名,是中性的,但“模范的”则有积极评价之义)。品读例句,

【例句2】Her behaviour was exemplary. (她的行为堪称典范。) [牛津高级学者辞典]

【例句3】The organization has an exemplary record. (该组织的记录堪称典范。)[牛津高级学者辞典]

【例句4】His tact was exemplary, especially considering the circumstances. (他的机智堪称典范,尤其是考虑到当时的情况。)[剑桥高级学者辞典]

【例句5】We expect exemplary conduct from our faculty, staff, and students. (我们希望我们的教职员工和学生能够以身作则。)[剑桥高级学者辞典]

3. 在法律或正式语境中,也从中性的“示例的”引申为“ 儆戒性的“,进而”惩戒性的、严厉的”(这可能是因为法律语境是消极的),例句如

【例句6】The judge awarded exemplary damages. (法官判给惩罚性赔偿。)[剑桥高级学者辞典]

【例句7】Prosecutors demanded an exemplary punishment. (检察官要求严惩。) [剑桥高级学者辞典]

【例句8】He demanded exemplary sentences for those behind the violence. (他要求对暴力行为的幕后主使处以惩戒性刑罚。)[柯林斯高级学者辞典]

来源:根本教育

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