摘要：2025年7月初，金砖国家领导人峰会将在巴西召开。为预热峰会，5月28-30日，由巴西利亚大学、进步国际组织、卢森堡基金会、巴西金砖政策中心、巴西社会经济研究院（INESC）和巴西民族一体化网络组织（REBRIP）联合在巴西首都巴西利亚主办“金砖优势”主题国际
编者按：2025年7月初，金砖国家领导人峰会将在巴西召开。为预热峰会，5月28-30日，由巴西利亚大学、进步国际组织、卢森堡基金会、巴西金砖政策中心、巴西社会经济研究院（INESC）和巴西民族一体化网络组织（REBRIP）联合在巴西首都巴西利亚主办“金砖优势”主题国际研讨会。来自30多个新兴经济体国家前高官、专家与社会活动人士出席。中国人民大学重阳金融研究院院长、全球领导力学院院长王文受邀在开幕式上做了英文主题演讲。现将演讲稿中英文内容独家发布如下：（中英文全文约9000字，预计阅读时间20分钟）
“金砖优势”主题国际研讨会议程海报
尊敬的各位学者、同仁：
大家好！
很荣幸能在美丽的巴西与来自30多个新兴经济体的思想者齐聚一堂。
今天，我们探讨的不仅是一个经济合作机制的未来，更是关乎21世纪人类文明发展方向的重大命题。金砖国家从经济概念成长为全球治理的关键力量，其意义早已超越金砖地缘边界——它代表着占世界人口50%的新兴力量对全球秩序的重构，更承载着南南合作范式创新的历史使命。
正如刚才南非外长Naledi Pandor女士所说，世界正处在拐点，金砖国家正在推动着世界的破局与国际的重构。
在我看来，金砖机制至少产生了三大革命性的国际贡献。
一是打破单极霸权，推动全球权力结构的根本性调整。
当金砖国家在2009年首次峰会提出“推动国际金融机构改革”时，IMF份额改革已停滞十多年。当前，新开发银行（NDB）累计批准项目超300亿美元，应急储备安排（CRA）构建起1000亿美元的安全网。这些改革正在用行动证明：全球治理不需要永远由少数国家垄断。金砖国家推动国际货币基金组织份额改革、在世贸组织捍卫发展中国家的“特殊与差别待遇”，实质是在改写过去一百多年来由西方制定的全球规则制定权分配逻辑。
二是创新文明对话，努力超越“中心-边缘”的交往范式。
过去十多年，我们正在见证人类历史上首个非西方主导的多边合作机制的日益成熟。金砖国家在数字经济领域的技术标准互认（如5G频谱协调）、金砖疫苗研发中心的联合攻关、遥感卫星星座的数据共享，标志着知识生产体系从单向输出转向多向协同。更重要的是，这种合作始终遵循“非正式性、渐进性和协商一致”原则——这正是东方文明“和而不同”智慧的现代实践。
三是重塑发展伦理，全力证明现代化道路的多样性。
当金砖国家用15年时间将相互贸易额提升300%、却未效仿西方传统自贸区建立统一关税同盟时，恰恰体现了对发展自主性的尊重。中国特色社会主义市场经济、印度数字公共基础设施供给、巴西生物能源革命、南非社区医疗模式、俄罗斯北极开发经验，都共同构成了“多元现代性”的生动图谱。这种非意识形态化的务实合作，为人类破解增长与分配、效率与公平的永恒难题提供了新思路。
种种迹象都在表明，金砖机制拥有比西方G7机制更包容、更有效、更开放的领先优势。19世纪末，美国成为世界第一大经济体，70多年后，G7机制才产生，至今却仍是封闭保守固化的。
相比之下，金砖机制从提出到现在才20年左右，却已完成了许多重大的变革与演进。这种优势是此前多数人没有想到的。
当然，我们不得不承认当前金砖机制仍面临着暗礁与风暴。直述金砖的现实挑战，不是为了表达我们的悲观，恰恰相反，是为了表达我们的自信。
金砖目前的最大挑战在于如何推动机制化同时保持灵活性的张力。
金砖目前仍属“论坛型”合作机制。新开发银行仅占全球多边开发机构融资规模的3%。当金砖成员国从5个扩容至10个，如何在决策效率与代表性之间平衡？如何在粮食安全、气候融资等具体领域建立有约束力的行动框架？这考验着我们的制度设计智慧。
第二个挑战是金砖发展权与其话语权的结构性矛盾。
尽管金砖国家贡献了全球经济增长的50%，但在世界银行投票权仅占13.24%，在SWIFT系统中本币结算占比不足5%。更严峻的是，某些国家将技术标准、产业链审查泛安全化，仅2023年，金砖国家的企业就遭遇超过100起“长臂管辖”制裁。这揭示了一个残酷现实：国际体系的存量既得利益者的反制，可能比预期更剧烈。
第三个挑战是金砖价值共识与利益分歧的辩证关系。
金砖成员国在乌克兰危机上的不同立场、在贸易补贴政策上的技术争议提醒我们，新兴经济体不是同质化整体。当南非人均GDP仅是中国的1/4、印度的能源进口依赖度达90%，如何协调短期诉求与长远愿景？这需要超越传统地缘政治思维的战略耐心。
会议现场
由此看，我们需要努力合作，推动金砖国家继续跨越断层线，探索构建金砖合作2.0版的务实路径。在我看来，至少有三点务实的建议值得与大家分享。
第一，建议打造金砖“三个共同体”的实体支柱。即粮食能源共同体。努力推动金砖建立联合储备机制，建成覆盖小麦、玉米、化肥的战略储备库，开发金砖农业科技联合攻关计划。数字创新共同体。努力推广印度统一支付接口（UPI）与中国跨境支付系统（CIPS）的互联互通，在6G、量子计算领域设立金砖联合实验室。绿色金融共同体，努力发行“碳中和”特别提款权，2027年前实现新开发银行绿色项目占比超60%。
第二，建议构建金砖“双循环”制度网络。在内部循环方面，可以试点金砖自贸区早期收获计划，在电动汽车、医疗器械等5个领域率先实现原产地规则互认。在外部循环方面，与非盟、东盟建立“金砖+”政策协调机制。
第三，建议创新金砖文明互鉴实践平台。我们可以设立金砖文化遗产数字图书馆，每年发布《金砖多元现代性发展报告》，支持成员国高校联合开设“全球南方研究”学科体系。更重要的是，要用金砖国家在减贫（中国）、社区医疗（南非）、数字治理（印度）等领域的成功实践，建构不同于新自由主义的叙事话语。
最后，我想说，让人类历史的创新火炬照亮未来吧。
各位同仁，当19世纪末柏林会议用一把直尺分割非洲时，他们不会想到，一个半世纪后在巴西高原上，曾被边缘化的国家正在重新阐释全球治理的语法。
金砖合作本质上是一场静悄悄的革命。它不是要摧毁现有体系，而是证明世界完全可以在相互尊重中实现共同进化。
正如亚马孙雨林中不同树种通过地下菌根网络共享养分。让我们以这种智慧为指引，构建真正包容、可持续的人类文明新形态。
当我们的后代回望这个时代时，愿他们记住。在历史的十字路口，有一群来自“全球南方”的思想者与实践者，选择用合作而非对抗，书写了人类新的可能。
谢谢大家！
会场
● 以下为演讲英文版
BRICS Cooperation: Reshaping the New Global Governance Order and Drawing a New Picture of Human Civilization
——Keynote Speech at the BRICS Academic Conference in Brazil
Wang Wen
Dear scholars and colleagues:
Hello everyone!
It is a great honor to gather with thinkers from more than 30 emerging economies in beautiful Brazil.
Today, we are discussing not only the future of an economic cooperation mechanism, but also a major proposition concerning the development direction of human civilization in the 21st century.
The BRICS countries have grown from an economic concept to a key force in global governance, and their significance has long surpassed the BRICS geopolitical boundaries - it represents the reconstruction of the global order by emerging forces accounting for 50% of the world's population, and carries the historical mission of innovation in the South-South cooperation paradigm.
1. Breaking the deadlock and reconstruction: Three revolutionary contributions of the BRICS mechanism
(I) Breaking the unipolar hegemony: fundamental adjustment of the global power structure
When the BRICS countries proposed "promoting the reform of international financial institutions" at the first summit in 2009, the IMF quota reform had been stagnant for ten years. Today, the New Development Bank (NDB) has approved projects totaling over $30 billion, and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) has built a $100 billion safety net, proving with action that global governance does not need to be monopolized by a few countries forever.
The BRICS countries have promoted the reform of the IMF quota and defended the "special and differential treatment" of developing countries in the WTO, which is essentially rewriting the logic of the global rule-making power distribution over the past 100 years.
(II) Innovative civilization dialogue: Beyond the "center-periphery" communication paradigm
We are witnessing the maturity of the first non-Western-led multilateral cooperation mechanism in human history. The mutual recognition of technical standards in the digital economy among BRICS countries (such as 5G spectrum coordination), the joint research of the BRICS vaccine research and development center, and the data sharing of remote sensing satellite constellations mark the shift of the knowledge production system from one-way output to multi-directional coordination.
More importantly, this cooperation always follows the principles of "informality, gradualism and consensus" - this is the modern practice of the wisdom of "harmony but difference" in Eastern civilization.
(III) Reshaping the ethics of development: Proving the diversity of the path to modernization
When the BRICS countries increased their mutual trade volume by 300% in 15 years but did not follow the traditional free trade zone to establish a unified customs union, this precisely reflects the respect for development autonomy.
China's socialist market economy, India's digital public infrastructure, Brazil's bioenergy revolution, South Africa's community medical model, and Russia's Arctic development experience together constitute a vivid map of "pluralistic modernity". This non-ideological pragmatic cooperation provides new ideas for mankind to solve the eternal problems of growth and distribution, efficiency and fairness.
2. Reefs and storms: realistic challenges facing the BRICS ship
(I) The tension between mechanism and flexibility
The BRICS is currently still a "forum-type" cooperation mechanism, and the New Development Bank only accounts for 3% of the financing scale of global multilateral development institutions. When the member countries expand from 5 to 10, how to balance decision-making efficiency and representation? How to establish a binding action framework in specific areas such as food security and climate financing? This tests our institutional design wisdom.
(II) Structural contradiction between the right to development and the right to speak
Although the BRICS countries contribute 50% of global economic growth, they only have 13.24% of the voting rights in the World Bank and less than 5% of the local currency settlement in the SWIFT system.
What is more serious is that some countries have made technical standards and industrial chain reviews universally secure. In 2023 alone, BRICS companies have encountered 127 "long-arm jurisdiction" sanctions. This reveals a cruel reality: the counterattack of the vested interests of the stock system may be more intense than expected.
(III) The dialectical relationship between value consensus and interest differences
The different positions of member countries on the Ukrainian crisis and the technical disputes on trade subsidy policies remind us that emerging economies are not homogeneous entities. When South Africa's per capita GDP is only 1/4 of China's and India's dependence on energy imports reaches 90%, how to coordinate short-term demands and long-term vision? This requires strategic patience beyond traditional geopolitical thinking.
3. Crossing the fault line: a pragmatic path to build the BRICS cooperation version 2.0
(I) Building the physical pillars of the "three communities"
1. Food and energy community: establish a joint reserve mechanism, build a 10 million ton strategic reserve covering wheat, corn and fertilizer, and develop a joint BRICS agricultural science and technology research plan.
2. Digital Innovation Community: promote the interconnection between India's unified payment interface (UPI) and China's cross-border payment system (CIPS), and set up joint laboratories in the fields of 6G and quantum computing.
3. Green Finance Community: issue "carbon neutral" special drawing rights, and achieve a green project share of more than 60% of the New Development Bank by 2027.
(II) Build a "dual circulation" system network
Internal circulation: pilot the BRICS Free Trade Zone early harvest plan, and take the lead in realizing mutual recognition of rules of origin in five fields such as electric vehicles and medical devices.
External circulation: establish a "BRICS+" policy coordination mechanism with the African Union and ASEAN.
(III) Innovate the practice platform for mutual learning among civilizations
Establish a digital library of BRICS cultural heritage, publish the "Multiple Modernities Development Report" every year, and support member countries' universities to jointly open a discipline system of "Global South Studies". More importantly, we should use the successful practices of BRICS countries in poverty reduction (China), community health (South Africa), digital governance (India) and other fields to construct a narrative discourse different from neoliberalism.
Conclusion: Let the torch of history illuminate the future
Dear colleagues, when the Berlin Conference in 1884 divided Africa with a ruler, they would not have thought that 140 years later on the Brazilian plateau, once marginalized countries were redefining the grammar of global governance.
BRICS cooperation is essentially a quiet revolution - it is not to destroy the existing system, but to prove that the world can achieve common evolution in mutual respect.
Just as different tree species in the Amazon rainforest share nutrients through underground mycorrhizal networks. Let us use this wisdom as a guide to build a truly inclusive and sustainable new form of human civilization.
When our descendants look back on this era, may they remember: at the crossroads of history, there was a group of thinkers and practitioners from the "Global South" who chose cooperation rather than confrontation and wrote new possibilities for humanity.
Thank you all!
来源：人大重阳