摘要:“would + 动词原形”:也可表示过去常常做某事,但通常用于描述过去反复发生的动作,且一般不用于描述过去的状态。例如:When I was a child, I would go to the park with my parents on weekend
在中考英语中,表示“过去常常做某事”用“used to do sth.”。以下是相关的同义句转换、被动语态表达及例句:
同义句转换
- “would + 动词原形”:也可表示过去常常做某事,但通常用于描述过去反复发生的动作,且一般不用于描述过去的状态。例如:When I was a child, I would go to the park with my parents on weekends.(我小时候,周末常常和父母去公园。)
- “频率副词或短语 + 过去时态”:如“often, usually, always, frequently”等频率副词或短语与一般过去时连用,也可表达类似意思。例如:I often went to school on foot when I was in primary school.(我上小学时经常步行去上学。)
被动语态表达及例句
“used to do sth.”没有直接对应的被动语态形式。但如果要将包含“used to do sth.”的主动句变为被动句,需根据具体情况对句子中的及物动词进行被动转换。例如:
1. 一般现在时的被动语态:“am/is/are + 过去分词”。主动句:People use pens to write.(人们用钢笔写字。)被动句:Pens are used to write (by people).(钢笔被用来写字。)
2. 一般过去时的被动语态:“was/were + 过去分词”。主动句:They used the knife to cut the bread yesterday.(他们昨天用刀切面包。)被动句:The knife was used to cut the bread (by them) yesterday.(刀昨天被用来切面包。)
3. 一般将来时的被动语态:“will + be + 过去分词”。主动句:We will use the computer to finish the work.(我们将用电脑完成这项工作。)被动句:The computer will be used to finish the work (by us).(电脑将被用来完成这项工作。)
4. 情态动词的被动语态:“can/could/should/may/must... + be + 过去分词”。主动句:You should use this key to open the door.(你应该用这把钥匙开门。)被动句:This key should be used to open the door (by you).(这把钥匙应该被用来开门。)
以下再为你提供一些“used to do sth.”的双语例句:
1. I used to play basketball after school.(我过去常常放学后打篮球。)
2. She used to read a lot of books in her free time.(她过去常常在空闲时间读很多书。)
3. He used to go fishing with his grandfather on weekends.(他过去常常在周末和他爷爷去钓鱼。)
4. They used to live in a small village.(他们过去住在一个小村庄里。)
5. My mother used to cook delicious meals for us.(我妈妈过去常常为我们做美味的饭菜。)
6. The old man used to tell us interesting stories.(这位老人过去常常给我们讲有趣的故事。)
7. I used to be afraid of the dark.(我过去常常害怕黑暗。)
8. She used to wear glasses.(她过去常常戴眼镜。)
9. He used to ride a bike to school.(他过去常常骑自行车上学。)
10. They used to watch TV every evening.(他们过去常常每天晚上看电视。)
11. My father used to work in a factory.(我父亲过去在一家工厂工作。)
12. The children used to play games in the yard.(孩子们过去常常在院子里玩游戏。)
13. I used to go to bed early.(我过去常常早睡。)
14. She used to have long hair.(她过去留着长发。)
15. He used to collect stamps.(他过去常常集邮。)
16. They used to go on trips during the holidays.(他们过去常常在假期去旅行。)
17. My sister used to practice the piano every day.(我妹妹过去常常每天练习钢琴。)
18. The students used to have a lot of homework.(学生们过去常常有很多作业。)
19. I used to walk my dog in the park.(我过去常常在公园遛狗。)
20. She used to listen to music before going to bed.(她过去常常在睡觉前听音乐。)
21. He used to play computer games on Sundays.(他过去常常在星期天玩电脑游戏。)
22. They used to help their parents with the housework.(他们过去常常帮助父母做家务。)
23. My teacher used to give us a lot of advice.(我的老师过去常常给我们很多建议。)
24. The little boy used to cry when he was hungry.(这个小男孩过去饿的时候常常哭。)
25. I used to go shopping with my mother on weekends.(我过去常常在周末和我妈妈去购物。)
26. She used to write letters to her friends.(她过去常常给她的朋友们写信。)
27. He used to run in the morning to keep fit.(他过去常常在早上跑步以保持健康。)
28. They used to have a party on New Year's Eve.(他们过去常常在新年前夜举办派对。)
29. My grandmother used to tell me stories about her childhood.(我祖母过去常常给我讲她童年的故事。)
30. I used to think that the world was flat.(我过去常常认为世界是平的。)
“used to do sth.”的否定句和疑问句有以下两种构成方式:
否定句
- 借助助动词did:在“used to do sth.”前加“didn't”,used变为use,即“didn't use to do sth.”。例如:I didn't use to like math.(我过去不喜欢数学。)
- 直接在used后加not:可缩写为“usedn't to do sth.”。例如:He usedn't to go to school by bike.(他过去不常骑自行车上学。)
疑问句
- 借助助动词did:将“did”提前至句首,used变为use,句末加问号,即“Did + 主语 + use to do sth.?”。例如:Did you use to play football after school?(你过去常常放学后踢足球吗?)
- 将used提前:把“used”提前至句首,句末加问号,即“Used + 主语 + to do sth.?”。例如:Used she to be shy?(她过去常常害羞吗?)
在实际运用中,借助助动词did的形式更为常见。
“used to do sth.”和“be used to doing sth.”在含义和用法上有明显区别:
- 含义不同:“used to do sth.”表示过去常常做某事,现在已经不做了;“be used to doing sth.”表示习惯于做某事,强调现在的一种习惯状态。
- 用法不同:“used to do sth.”中“used”是过去式,后面接动词原形;“be used to doing sth.”中“be”动词会根据主语和时态的不同而变化,“to”是介词,后面接动词的 -ing形式。例如,“I used to get up early when I was in high school.”(我高中时常常早起,现在不这样了);“I am used to getting up early now.”(我现在习惯早起,是现在的一种状态)。
“be used to doing sth.”表示“习惯于做某事”,以下是其用法介绍:
时态变化
- 一般现在时:根据主语人称和数的不同,be动词用am/is/are。如:He is used to getting up early.(他习惯早起。)
- 一般过去时:be动词用was/were。如:She was used to going to bed late last year.(她去年习惯晚睡。)
- 一般将来时:用will be used to。如:You will be used to living here soon.(你很快就会习惯住在这里。)
否定句和疑问句
- 否定句:在be动词后加not。如:I am not used to eating spicy food.(我不习惯吃辣的食物。)
- 疑问句:将be动词提前到句首。如:Is he used to working at night?(他习惯在晚上工作吗?)
与其他类似结构的区分
与“used to do sth.”(过去常常做某事)和“be used to do sth.”(被用来做某事)在含义和用法上不同。例如:“The knife is used to cut apples.”(这把刀被用来切苹果。)
可与其他词搭配
常与副词如“always”“quickly”等连用。如:He is always used to doing things in a hurry.(他总是习惯匆忙做事。)She quickly gets used to the new environment.(她很快就习惯了新环境。)
“used to do sth.”和“be used to doing sth.”通常不能直接互换,因为它们的含义和侧重点不同。不过,在一些特定语境下,可以通过改变句子结构和词汇来进行近似的转换,以下是一些方法:
强调过去和现在对比
- “used to do sth.”转换为“be used to doing sth.”:可以添加一些表示时间对比的词,如“now”“at present”等,强调过去和现在的变化。例如,“I used to get up late. But now I am used to getting up early.”(我过去常常起得晚。但现在我习惯早起了。)
- “be used to doing sth.”转换为“used to do sth.”:同样添加时间对比词,强调现在的习惯与过去不同。例如,“He is used to reading books in the evening. But he used to watch TV every night.”(他现在习惯在晚上看书。但他过去每晚都看电视。)
改变句子侧重点
- “used to do sth.”转换为“be used to doing sth.”:如果想强调现在对过去常做之事已经习惯,可以用“be used to doing sth.”的完成时态。例如,“I have been used to living in this city although I used to live in a small town.”(尽管我过去住在一个小镇,但我现在已经习惯住在这个城市了。)
- “be used to doing sth.”转换为“used to do sth.”:若要突出过去的行为模式,可以把现在习惯做的事表述为过去常做的事的一种延续或改变。例如,“She used to exercise a lot to keep fit, and now she is still used to doing some sports every day.”(她过去为了保持健康经常锻炼,现在她仍然习惯每天做一些运动。)
这种转换并不是完全对等的互换,而是根据表达需要进行的灵活调整,以在一定程度上体现两种结构所表达的不同意义之间的联系。
以下是“used to do sth.”和“be used to doing sth.”的一些例句:
used to do sth.
- I used to go swimming every weekend when I was a child.(我小时候每个周末都去游泳。)
- He used to play the piano very well, but he doesn't have time to practice now.(他过去钢琴弹得很好,但现在没时间练习了。)
- They used to live in a small village, but now they have moved to a big city.(他们过去住在一个小村庄,但现在搬到了一个大城市。)
be used to doing sth.
- She is used to reading books before going to bed.(她习惯在睡觉前看书。)
- My father is used to getting up early to do some exercise.(我父亲习惯早起做些运动。)
- We are used to having dinner at seven o'clock in the evening.(我们习惯在晚上七点吃晚饭。)
来源:蒙古元素