小高分享（61）Java中的多线程机制

摘要：threadAdvantage: lightweight, share process resources, improve system efficiency.

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小高分享（61）Java中的多线程机制

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Xiao Gao Shares (61) Multithreading in Java

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一、进程与线程

First, process and thread

1. 进程定义：操作系统资源分配的基本单位。

1. Process definition: The basic unit of operating system resource allocation.

2. 线程定义：CPU执行任务的最小单元，属于进程的一部分。

2. Thread definition: The smallest unit of the CPU to execute tasks and belongs to a part of the process.

3. 线程优势：轻量级，共享进程资源，提高系统效率。

3. threadAdvantage: lightweight, share process resources, improve system efficiency.

二、Java中的线程

Second, threads in Java

1. 线程支持：Java语言内置多线程支持。

1. thread support: Java language built-in multithreading support.

2. 并发优势：提升程序响应性和CPU利用率。

2. Concurrency advantage: Improve program responsiveness and CPU utilization.

3. 线程实现：通过Thread类或Runnable接口。

3. Thread implementation: through the Thread class or Runnable interface.

三、Thread类与线程的创建

Third, create the Thread class and thread

1. 继承Thread类：重写run方法定义线程行为；创建子类实例并调用start方法启动线程。

1. inherit the Thread class: rewrite the run method to define thread behavior; Create an instance of the subclass and call the start method to start the thread.

2. 实现Runnable接口：实现run方法；将Runnable实例传递给Thread对象并启动。

2. Implement Runnable interface: implement the run method; Pass the Runnable instance to the Thread object and start.

四、线程的生命周期与调度

Fourth, the life cycle and scheduling of threads

1、生命周期状态：新建：创建线程对象；就绪：线程准备好执行；运行：线程正在执行；阻塞：线程等待某些条件；死亡：线程执行结束。

1, life cycle status: New: create thread object; Ready: The thread is ready to execute; Running: The thread is executing; Blocking: The thread waits for some condition; Dead: Execution of the thread ends.

2. 线程调度：基于优先级和时间片；JVM和操作系统共同负责。

2. Thread scheduling: based on priority and time slice; Both the JVM and the operating system are responsible.

五、线程同步与通信

Fifth, thread synchronization and communication

1. 同步机制：synchronized关键字；Lock接口及其实现类。

1. Synchronization mechanism: synchronized Lock interface and its implementation class.

2. 线程通信：wait：使线程进入等待状态；notify：唤醒单个等待线程；notifyAll：唤醒所有等待线程；

2. Thread communication: wait : makes the thread enter the waiting state; notify : wakes up a single waiting thread. notifyAll : wakes up all waiting threads;

六、线程池

Sixth, thread pool

1. 定义：管理一定数量的线程，实现线程复用。

1. Definition: Manage a certain number of threads to achieve thread reuse.

2. 优势：减少线程创建和销毁的开销，提高性能。

2. Advantage: Reduce the overhead of thread creation and destruction and improve performance.

3. 实现：Java提供Executor框架管理线程池。

3. Implementation: Java provides an Executor framework to manage thread pools.

七、多线程并发工具

Seventh, multi-thread concurrent tools

1. CountDownLatch：等待其他线程完成操作。

1. CountDownLatch: Wait for another thread to complete the operation.