摘要:tariff[ˈtærɪf]n.(政府对进出口货物征收的)关税,关税表;(旅馆、饭店或服务公司的)价目表,收费表;量刑标准v.按税率定……的价格;征收关税;tariffs;tariffs;tariffing;tariffed;tariffed
Most of Trump’s tariff s are illegal,
federal court rules
联邦法院裁定特朗普的
大部分关税都是非法的
US president found to have overstepped authority with tariff policies and accuses court of political bias
美国总统被发现在关税政策上超越权限并指责法庭存在政治偏见
Dominic Rushe in New York
多米尼克·拉什纽约报道
Sat 30 Aug 2025 01.16 BST
2025年8月30日星期六 01.16 BST
1. tariff [ˈtærɪf] n. (政府对进出口货物征收的)关税,关税表;(旅馆、饭店或服务公司的)价目表,收费表;量刑标准 v. 按税率定……的价格;征收关税;tariffs;tariffs;tariffing;tariffed;tariffed
2. federal [ˈfedərəl] adj. 联邦(制)的;(与)联邦政府(有关的)的;中央集权式的;(美国内战时期)北部联邦政府的 n. 联邦探员,联邦政府官员;(美国南北战争时期)北部联邦政府支持者 【名】 (federal)(英)费德勒尔(人名);federals
3. bias [ˈbaɪəs] n. 偏见,成见;偏好,天赋;倾向,趋势;斜纹;(统计)偏差,偏倚;偏重心球形;偏压,偏统 v. 使有偏见,使偏心;加偏压(或偏流)于 adj. 偏斜的 adv. 偏斜地 【名】 (bias)(英)拜厄斯,(法、德、葡、喀)比亚斯(人名);biases;biases;biasses;biasing;biassing;biased;biassed;biased;biassed
4. significant [sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt] adj. 显著的,相当数量的;重要的,意义重大的; 别有含义的,意味深长的 n. 象征,有意义的事物
5. numb [nʌm] adj. 麻木的,失去感觉的;迟钝的,呆滞的 v. 使麻木,使失去知觉;使迟钝,使呆滞;使(某种感觉)减轻,使减弱;number;numbs;numbing;numbed;numbed
6. response [rɪsˈpɒns] n. 反应,响应;(口头或书面的)回复,答复;(考试题的)答案;(教堂中人们对牧师所说的话作出的)唱和,应答;responses
7. impose [ɪmˈpəʊz] v. 强制推行,强制实行;把(自己的观点、信仰等)强加于;打扰,麻烦;把(活字页)拼版;欺骗;imposes;imposing;imposed;imposed
8. scope [skəʊp] n. 范围,领域;(发挥能力的)机会,施展余地;视野,眼界;观测仪器(如望远镜、显微镜等);(船抛锚时的)缆绳长度;特定论点的数量 v. 评估,调查(scope sth. out);确定(规划项目)的范围;仔细看,彻底检查;scopes;scopes;scoping;scoped;scoped
9. duration [dʒʊəˈreɪʃən] n. 持续,持续时间;durations
10. assert [əˈsɜːt] v. 坚称,断言;维护,坚持(权利或权威);坚持自己的主张,表现坚定;生效,起作用;asserts;asserting;asserted;asserted
11. limitation [ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən] n. 限制,制约;起限制作用的规则(或事实、条件);局限,缺陷;追诉时效;limitations
12. lean [lɪːn] v. (身体)倾斜;倾向于做;倚靠,靠在 adj. 瘦且健康的;(肉)瘦的,脂肪少的;不景气的,贫乏的;精简的,效率高的;(混合汽化燃料)空气所占比例高的,稀化的 n. 倾斜,歪曲;瘦肉 【名】 (lean)(丹)利恩(人名);leans;leaner;leans;leaning;leant;leaned;leant;leaned
13. supreme [sjuːˈprɪːm] adj. 最高的,至高无上的;(政府、司法或军事机构)拥有最高权力的;极大的,极度的;(处罚,牺牲)涉及死的;杰出的 n. 奶油沙司
14. medium [ˈmɪːdɪəm] n. 媒介,媒体;方法,手段;(艺术创作)材料,素材;灵媒,巫师;培养基;环境;中等,中号;存储(或打印)介质;(颜料)溶剂(如油或水);(品质、状态)中等,中庸 adj. 中等的,中间的,适中的;五分熟的,半熟的;(程度、强度或数量)平均的;(颜色)不深不浅的,适中的;(投球,投球手)中速的;media;mediums
15. stock [stɒk] n. (商店的)现货,存货,库存;储备物,备用物;储备量,现有量;股本,资本;股份,股票;公债,公债券;家畜,牲畜;家族,世系;(动植物的)类,种类,种群;高汤,原汤;(用作刑具的)手足枷(stocks);(工具的)柄,(尤指)枪托;名声,声望;紫罗兰;接穗,砧木;(草本植物多年生的)根茎,根状茎;(演出几种不同保留剧目的)专业剧团;信任,相信;(铁路上运行的)全部车辆(包括机车、车厢等);(胶卷)原片;(牌戏中)发剩下的牌;(商品的)原材料;锚杆;主轴台,主轴箱(headstock 的简称);尾架,尾座(tailstock 的简称);(作为正式骑马服饰一部分的)白色领结,白色领带;(牧师衣领下系的)黑色领带;船台(stocks) v. (商店或工厂)储备,贮存;为……备货,把……填满;(尤指为某个特定时刻或目的而)备货,囤积;为(枪等火器)装枪托;出新芽 adj. 老一套的,陈腐的;(商店里)常备的,通常有的,库存的;(有关)电影资料镜头的 【名】 (stock)(德、匈、捷)施托克,(英、法、葡、瑞典)斯托克(人名);stocks;stocks;stocking;stocked;stocked
16. literally [ˈlɪtərəlɪ] adv. 按照字面意义地,逐字地;真正地,确实地;(用于夸张地强调)简直
17. labor [ˈleɪbə] n. 劳动;工作;劳工;分娩 vi. 劳动;努力;苦干 vt. 详细分析;使厌烦 n. (labor)人名;(德、塞、法)拉博尔;(英)拉博;labors;labors;laboring;labored;labored
18. void [vɔɪd] n. 空间,空白,空虚;空虚感,失落感;(墙、建筑物上的)孔隙;(桥牌和惠斯特用语)缺门 adj. 不合法的,无效的;(话语,行动)无效的,无用的;毫无……的,缺乏……的;空的,空空如也的;(职位)空缺;(桥牌和惠斯特用语)缺门的 v. 使无效,使作废;排泄,排放(大小便);排放(水、气体等);倒空(容器),疏空(空间);voids;voids;voiding;voided;voided
19. reciprocal [rɪˈsɪprəkəl] adj. 相互的,互惠的,报答的;(路线,方向)反向的;(代词,动词)互相的;(量,函数)倒数的 n. 反身代词,相互动词; 倒数,乘法逆元素;互相起作用的事物;reciprocals
20. claim [kleɪm] v. 声称,断言;索取,索要(钱);要求(拥有),认领;使丧生,致命;赢得,获得;值得,需要(花时间或精力) n. 声称,断言;索要,索赔;权利,所有权;要求得到的土地使用权;专利新特征申明;claims;claims;claiming;claimed;claimed
21. economic [ˌɪːkəˈnɒmɪk] adj. 经济的,经济学的;有利可图的;节约的
22. regulate [ˈregjəleɪt] v. (用规则条例)控制,管理;调节,调整;监控,监管;校准,对准(时钟或其他仪器);regulates;regulating;regulated;regulated
23. prohibit [prəˈhɪbɪt] v. (通过法律、条例等)禁止;阻止,使不可能;prohibits;prohibiting;prohibited;prohibited
24. cite [saɪt] v. 引用,援引;引证,引以为例;传唤,传讯;嘉奖,表彰 n. 引用,引文;cites;cites;citing;cited;cited
25. deficit [ˈdefɪsɪt] n. 亏损,赤字,不足额;(体育用语)失分数;缺乏,缺陷;deficits
26. unlikely [ʌnˈlaɪklɪ] adj. 不大可能发生的;未必真实的,难以相信的; 非心目中的,不大恰当的;不典型的;(两个人或物)不般配的 adv. 未必;unlikelier
27. congress [ˈkɒŋgres] n. 国会,议会;代表大会;美国国会(congress);congresses;congresses;congressing;congressed;congressed
28. depart [dɪˈpɑːt] v. 启程,出发;背离,违背;离职;departs;departing;departed;departed
29. grant [grɑːnt] v. 授予,给予;承认 n. 补助金,拨款;(政府给予的)土地;给予,授予;合法转让 【名】 (grant)(美)格朗(人名)
30. safeguard [ˈseɪfˌgɑːd] n. 保障条款, 保护措施 v. 保护,护卫;safeguards;safeguards;safeguarding;safeguarded;safeguarded
31. commerce [ˈkɒmə(ː)s] n. 贸易,商业;社交,交往;性交;commerces;commercing;commerced;commerced
32. diplomatic [ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk] adj. 外交的,从事外交的;有手腕的,灵活变通的;(版本,副本)仿真的,和原件完全一致的
33. security [sɪˈkjʊərɪtɪ] n. 保护措施,安全工作;保安部门;安检处;保障,保证;安全,安全感;抵押品,保证金;证券,债券;securities
34. threat [θret] n. 威胁,恐吓;构成威胁的人(或事物);凶兆,征兆;(律)恐吓,威胁;threats;threats;threating;threated;threated
35. ultimate [ˈʌltɪmɪt] adj. 最终的,最后的;最根本的,最基础的;极限的,终极的;首要的,决定性的;(太空或时空中)最遥远的;(物理)极限的 n. 最好的事物,最终的事物;最终(或最根本)的事实(或原则);极限飞盘(ultimate frisbee 的简称) v. 结束;ultimates;ultimates;ultimating;ultimated;ultimated
36. brace [breɪs] v. (使)作好准备;支撑,加固;抵住,顶住;(身体或身体某部分)绷紧 n. 支撑物,支架;牙箍,牙齿矫正器;大括弧,大括号;一对(猎获的鸟);吊裤带,背带;手摇曲柄;(船上的)转帆索 【名】 (brace)(美)布雷斯(人名);braces;braces;bracing;braced;braced
37. anticipate [ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt] v. 预期,预料;预见(并做准备);期望,盼望;先于……做,早于……行动;提前使用;在期限内履行(义务),偿还(债务);anticipates;anticipating;anticipated;anticipated
38. outcome [ˈaʊtkʌm] n. 结果,效果;outcomes
39. presumably [prɪˈzjuːməbəlɪ] adv. 大概,可能
40. statute [ˈstætjuːt] n. 法令,法规,成文法;(组织或机构的)规章;statutes
41. selection [sɪˈlekʃən] n. 选择,挑选;被挑选的人(或物),精选品;可供选择的事物;(比赛中值得赌的)看好的马;所选数据;(英国的)学校入学选拔;(以优越条件)选购土地;selections
42. exceed [ɪkˈsɪːd] v. 超过,超出;超越(限制);优于,胜过;exceeds;exceeding;exceeded;exceeded
43. circuit [ˈsɜːkɪt] n. 电路,回路;巡回活动,巡回地;环道,环线;巡回赛;赛车道;(英国)巡回审判区,巡回上诉法院;(一套)体操动作;统一经营的连锁剧院(或影院) v. (绕……)环行;circuits;circuits;circuiting;circuited;circuited
44. numerous [ˈnjuːmərəs] adj. 众多的,许多的
45. delegate [ˈdelɪgɪt] n. 代表;委员会成员 v. 授权,把……委托给;选派(某人做某事);delegates;delegates;delegating;delegated;delegated
46. precise [prɪˈsaɪs] adj. 精确的,准确的;恰好的,确切的;(人)严格的,一丝不苟的
47. overall [ˈəʊvərɔːl] adj. 总的,全面的;所有的,包括一切的 adv. 全部,总共; 总的说来,大体上 n. (工作时穿的)罩衣;(上下连身的)工作服,防护服(overalls);背带工装裤(overalls);骑马裤,紧身制服裤(overalls);overalls
48. structure [ˈstrʌktʃə] n. 结构,构造;结构体,(尤指)大型建筑物;周密安排,精心组织;机构,组织,体系 v. 计划,组织,安排;structures;structures;structuring;structured;structured
49. trigger [ˈtrɪgə] n. (枪械等的)扳机;(尤指引发不良反应或发展的)起因,诱因;(炸弹的)引爆器,触发器 v. 引发,激发;起动,触发;引爆(炸弹) 【名】 (trigger)特里杰(人名);triggers;triggers;triggering;triggered;triggered
50. inflation [ɪnˈfleɪʃən] n. 通货膨胀,通胀率;充气,膨胀,增大;(宇宙论某些理论)暴涨;夸张,自命不凡
Donald Trump overstepped his presidential powers with most of his globe-rattling tariff policies, a federal appeals court in Washington DC ruled on Friday.
华盛顿特区联邦上诉法院周五裁定,唐纳德·特朗普的大多数引起全球关注的关税政策超越了他的总统权力。
US law “bestows significant authority on the president to undertake a numb er of actions in response to a declared national emergency, but none of these actions explicitly include the power to impose tariff s, duties, or the like, or the power to tax”, the court said in the 7-4 ruling.
法院在以 7 比 4 票通过的裁决中表示,美国法律“赋予总统重大权力,使其能够针对宣布的国家紧急状态采取一系列行动,但这些行动中没有一项明确包括征收关税、关税或类似措施的权力,或征税的权力”。
Many of Trump’s steep tariff s are “unbounded in scope , amount and duration ”, the ruling added, and “ assert an expansive authority that is beyond the express limitation s” of the law his administration has lean ed on.
裁决还补充道,特朗普的许多高额关税“在范围、金额和期限上不受限制”,并且“行使了超出其政府所依赖的法律明确限制的广泛权力”。
The court’s decision is the biggest blow yet to Trump’s tariff policies and will likely mean the supreme court will have to rule on whether he has the legal right as president to upend US trade policy. The court said the ruling would not take effect until 14 October.
最高法院的裁决是迄今为止对特朗普关税政策的最大打击,这可能意味着最高法院将不得不裁定特朗普作为总统是否拥有推翻美国贸易政策的合法权利。最高法院表示,该裁决将于10月14日生效。
“ALL TARIFFS ARE STILL IN EFFECT!” Trump wrote on social media, moments after the ruling came down, after the stock markets closed before a three-day weekend in the US. In a lengthy post, he accused the appeals court of political bias .
“所有关税仍然有效!”裁决公布后不久,美国股市休市,即将迎来为期三天的周末,特朗普在社交媒体上写道。在一篇长文中,他指责上诉法院存在政治偏见。
“If allowed to stand, this Decision would literally destroy the United States of America,” he continued. “At the start of this Labor Day weekend, we should all remember that TARIFFS are the best tool to help our Workers, and support Companies that produce great MADE IN AMERICA products.”
他继续说道:“如果任其发展,这项决定将彻底摧毁美利坚合众国。值此劳动节周末伊始,我们都应该牢记,关税是帮助我们工人、支持生产优质美国制造产品的公司的最佳工具。”
The ruling void ed Trump’s “liberation day” tariff s that set a 10% baseline on virtually all of the US’s trading partners and his so-called “ reciprocal ” tariff s on countries he has argued have unfairly treated the US.
该裁决使特朗普的“解放日”关税以及他对特朗普认为对美国不公平对待的国家征收的所谓“互惠”关税无效。“解放日”关税对几乎所有美国贸易伙伴设定了 10% 的基准税率。
Trump has claim ed he has the right to impose tariff s on trading partners under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), which in some circumstances grant s the president authority to regulate or prohibit international transactions during a national emergency.
特朗普声称,根据《国际紧急经济权力法案》 (IEEPA),他有权对贸易伙伴征收关税,该法案在某些情况下授予总统在国家紧急状态期间监管或禁止国际交易的权力。
The Trump administration has cite d various national emergencies – including US trade deficit s with trading partners, fentanyl trafficking and immigration – as the reasons for the actions.
特朗普政府以各种国家紧急情况——包括美国与贸易伙伴的贸易逆差、芬太尼贩运和移民问题——作为采取行动的原因。
But a group of small businesses has challenged the administration’s arguments, arguing the tariff s are “devastating small businesses across the country”.
但一群小企业对政府的论点提出了质疑,认为关税“正在摧毁全国各地的小企业”。
And on Friday, the appellate court ruled: “It seems unlikely that Congress intended, in enacting IEEPA, to depart from its past practice and grant the president unlimited authority to impose tariff s.”
周五,上诉法院裁定:“国会颁布IEEPA似乎不太可能有意背离其过去的做法,并赋予总统无限的关税权力。”
The ruling also said the US law “neither mentions tariff s (or any of its synonyms) nor has procedural safeguard s that contain clear limits on the president’s power to impose tariff s”.
裁决还称,美国法律“既没有提及关税(或其任何同义词),也没有明确限制总统征收关税权力的程序保障”。
Earlier on Friday, Bloomberg reported that the administration, worried the court might invalidate the tariff s immediately, filed statements by Scott Bessent, the treasury secretary, Howard Lutnick, the commerce secretary, and Marco Rubio, the secretary of state, warning that such a decision would be a “dangerous diplomatic embarrassment” for the US.
周五早些时候,彭博社报道称,美国政府担心法院可能会立即宣布关税无效,财政部长斯科特·贝森特、商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克和国务卿马可·卢比奥发表声明,警告称,这样的决定将给美国带来“危险的外交尴尬”。
In a statement, White House spokesperson Kush Desai said that Trump “lawfully exercised the tariff powers grant ed to him by Congress to defend our national and economic security from foreign threat s”.
白宫发言人库什·德赛在一份声明中表示,特朗普“合法行使国会赋予他的关税权力,以捍卫我们的国家和经济安全免受外国威胁”。
He said: “The president’s tariff s remain in effect, and we look forward to ultimate victory on this matter.”
他说:“总统的关税仍然有效,我们期待此事最终取得胜利。”
William Reinsch, a former senior commerce depart ment official now with the Center on Strategic and International Studies, told Reuters that the Trump administration had been bracing for this ruling. He said: “It’s common knowledge the administration has been anticipating this outcome and is preparing a plan B, presumably to keep the tariff s in place via other statute s.”
前商务部高级官员、现就职于战略与国际研究中心的威廉·莱因施(William Reinsch)告诉路透社,特朗普政府一直在为这项裁决做准备。他表示:“众所周知,政府一直在期待这一结果,并且正在准备B计划,大概是通过其他法规来维持关税。”
The US trade court heard the case – VOS Selection s Inc v Trump – in May, and ruled that the tariff s “ exceed any authority grant ed to the president”. But the court agreed to a temporary pause in the decision pending an appeal hearing.
美国贸易法院于5月审理了VOS Selections Inc诉特朗普案,并裁定关税“超出了授予总统的任何权限”。但法院同意暂时搁置该裁决,等待上诉听证会。
The US court of appeals for the federal circuit in Washington DC heard oral arguments about the case on 31 July. Judges expressed skepticism about the administration’s arguments at the hearing. The IEEPA “doesn’t even say ‘ tariff s’”, one of the judges noted. “Doesn’t even mention them.”
7月31日,位于华盛顿特区的美国联邦巡回上诉法院 就此案进行了口头辩论。法官们对政府在听证会上的论点表示怀疑。一位法官指出,《国际经济和经济政策法案》“甚至没有提到‘关税’”。“甚至没有提及它。”
In its ruling, the appeals court noted there were “ numerous statute s” that do delegate the power to impose tariff s, in which “clear and precise terms” are used to this make clear.
上诉法院在裁决中指出,有“众多法规”确实授予了征收关税的权力,其中使用了“明确而精确的条款”来明确这一点。
When Congress wants to delegate such authority, it typically “does so explicitly, either by using unequivocal terms like tariff and duty, or via an overall structure which makes clear that Congress is referring to tariff s”, the court added.
法院补充说,当国会想要授权这种权力时,它通常“明确地这样做,要么使用关税和税费等明确的术语,要么通过一个总体结构明确表明国会指的是关税”。
It said: “The absence of any such tariff language in IEEPA contrasts with statute s where Congress has affirmatively grant ed such power and included clear limits on that power.”
报告称:“IEEPA 中没有任何此类关税条款,这与国会明确授予此类权力并对其权力进行明确限制的法规形成了鲜明对比。”
Trump’s tariff s have trigger ed economic and political uncertainty across the world and stoked fears of rising inflation .
特朗普的关税引发了全球经济和政治的不确定性,并引发了人们对通胀上升的担忧
来源:左右图史