石油焦中高产率生产轻质多孔碳材料实现多频范围内高效电磁波吸收

摘要：为实现对不同频率下运行的电子设备提供更优保护，有必要研究频率不敏感的电磁波吸收材料——这类材料仅需改变厚度即可在多频段实现高吸收率。本文，中国石油大学（北京）杨旺教授、李永峰教授在《Carbon》期刊发表名为“High yield production o

1成果简介

为实现对不同频率下运行的电子设备提供更优保护，有必要研究频率不敏感的电磁波吸收材料——这类材料仅需改变厚度即可在多频段实现高吸收率。本文，中国石油大学（北京）杨旺教授、李永峰教授在《Carbon》期刊发表名为“High yield production of lightweight porous carbon from petroleum coke towards efficient electromagnetic waves absorption in the multi-frequency range”的论文，研究通过简易热处理策略，以石油焦和NaHCO₃分别为碳源与盐模板，成功制备出三维多孔碳材料（3DPC）。该3DPC材料具有良好的石墨化程度和三维多孔结构，在多个频率下展现出超过-50 dB的高效吸收性能。此外，通过不同盐模板制备了一系列形态各异的碳材料。研究结果表明，完善的3D多孔结构对实现多波段高效吸收性能至关重要。本工作为开发频率不敏感的电磁波吸收材料及石油焦高附加值利用提供了创新思路。

2图文导读

方案一、 The preparation diagram of the 3DPC materials.

图1. The XRD (a), Raman (b), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms (c) and pore size distribution curves (d) for 3DPC-700, 3DPC-800 and 3DPC-900. (e) The XPS survey spectrum for 3DPC-800. The high-resolution C 1s (f), N 1s (g), O 1s (h) and S 2p (i) of the 3DPC-800 sample.

图2. The microscopic morphology of 3DPC-700 (a, b), 3DPC-800 (c, d) and 3DPC-900 (e, f) materials. The TEM pictures for the 3DPC-800 sample (g-i).

图3. The real part of permeability (a), imaginary part of permeability (b), magnetic loss factor (c), real part of permittivity (d), imaginary part of permittivity (e), and dielectric loss factor (f) for all samples. The Cole-Cole plots of 3DPC-700 (g), 3DPC-800 (h) and 3DPC-900 (i).

图4. The absorption performance graphs in three-dimensional and projected contour forms, as well as reflection loss curves at certain absorption thicknesses for the 3DPC-700 (a-c), 3DPC-800 (d-f) and 3DPC-900 (g-i) materials within the 2-18 GHz.

图5. (a) Simulation model consisting of a PEC plate and an absorber layer. (b-e) CST simulation results for pure PEC plate and a PEC plate covered by 3DPC-700, 3DPC-800 and 3DPC-900 absorber layers. (f) Radar scattering cross sectional product values in the range from -80° to 80°.

图6. Carbon materials with different morphologies derived from petroleum coke: (a) carbon particle, (b) two-dimensional carbon nanosheet, (c) complex consisting of two-dimensional carbon nanosheet and three-dimensional porous carbon, and (d) three-dimensional porous carbon. The reflection loss curves of CP (e), 2DPC (f) 2D&3DPC (g) and 3DPC (h) samples.

方案二. The electromagnetic wave absorption mechanism diagram of 3DPC sample.

3小结

综上所述，本研究开发了一种用于高效电磁波吸收的三维多孔材料简易合成策略。该多孔结构能促进入射电磁波的进入，从而实现优异的阻抗匹配特性，同时确保足够的介质损耗（包括导电损耗与极化松弛）。得益于阻抗匹配与衰减能力的平衡，3DPC-800在仅9%（质量分数）的超低填料含量下，于C波段、X波段和Ku波段分别实现-50.1 dB、-56.3 dB和-50.5 dB的吸收值。关键在于，三维多孔结构在实现多频段高效吸收方面发挥核心作用，突破了单波段吸收的瓶颈。同时在1.97毫米薄吸收层厚度下，展现出5.8 GHz的宽有效吸收带宽。由于石油焦资源碳含量高且成本低廉，该生产工艺具有显著的规模化潜力。

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