摘要：在印第安纳州东北部拥有3900英亩农场，种植玉米和大豆的农场主布莱恩·沃普说：“整个夏天，我们一直希望贸易谈判能取得进展，但如今丰收季已到，贸易谈判却毫无进展，大家非常失望。”

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山东烟台港正在卸货的来自巴西的大豆

一、加片关税使美国农场主陷入绝境，农民破产量大幅上升

美联社2025年9月20日报道，全美各地的农民正发出迫切警告：许多农场主已开始收割丰收的作物，但却难以找到买家，如无法获得销售援助将面临严峻后果。

在全美范围内，农民们表示，受贸易战、特朗普政府的移民限制政策、通货膨胀和高利率等多重因素叠加影响，他们的处境正日益严峻。

在印第安纳州东北部拥有3900英亩农场，种植玉米和大豆的农场主布莱恩·沃普说：“整个夏天，我们一直希望贸易谈判能取得进展，但如今丰收季已到，贸易谈判却毫无进展，大家非常失望。”

在唐纳德·特朗普总统对美国最大农业贸易伙伴中国加征关税后，许多农民原本期望能迅速达成新的贸易协议，如今这一愿望却落空了。美国国会的农场救助计划也因党争而受阻。

这一局面让人回想起特朗普第一任期内与中国的贸易战，联邦政府曾被迫斥资数十亿美元救助农民。

美国农业部表示，去年美国大豆的出口额近250亿美元，是关键的出口农产品。但全球大豆的最大买家中国，作为对特朗普政府今年2月对中国商品加征关税的回应之一，迄今为止一直拒绝购买美国大豆，而转而从巴西采购大豆。

这一僵局加剧了美国农民在本季开始前就已面临的多重挑战：农产品价格相较于2022年的峰值处于低位，而化肥、种子和农机设备的价格却全面上涨。高利率则进一步加剧了资金压力。

豆农卖不出去的大豆必须储存起来，但许多人表示粮仓不足。沃普称，他正紧急出售原本会储存到明年春天的玉米，以为更多大豆腾出储存空间。另一些农民则不得不支付仓储费而承担额外成本。

农场破产进一步上升。美国农场局联合会的数据显示，去年农场破产数量同比增加了55%。阿肯色大学农业分院负责跟踪农场破产情况的推广经济学家瑞安·洛伊在7月表示，2025年第一季度农场破产数量再次上升。

自2016年以来在每届总统选举中都投票支持特朗普的肯塔基州豆农、美国大豆协会主席凯莱布·拉格兰说：“这意味着，有些农民将陷入山穷水尽的境地，无法履行财务义务。”

美国疾病控制与预防中心的数据显示，农民的自杀率本就高于普通人群。拉格兰表示，不幸的是，在当前形势下，这一问题可能会再次凸显。“我们可能会看到有农民选择结束自己的生命。”

美国农场主称“农场末日”来临，要求特朗普找到解决办法

二、农民称“农场末日”来临，期待特朗普解决，特朗普要求中国大量购买美国大豆

许多农民寄望于美国政府以及在去年大选中获得他们压倒性支持的特朗普找到解决办法。

本周，以财政部长斯科特·贝森特为首的特朗普政府官员在西班牙马德里与中国代表团举行了贸易会谈，但目前尚不清楚双方是否接近达成能促使中国购买美国大豆的协议。特朗普上月在“真实社交”平台发帖时承认了这一问题，他在帖文中表示，希望中国能“迅速将大豆订单增加三倍”。

特朗普提出的《一个宏伟美好的法案》包含未来十年增加590亿美元支出，用于强化农场保障体系，同时为农机设备提供税收减免的内容。但国会助手表示，这些资金增加要到明年的作物季才会生效，而许多农民表示，他们需要马上得到的援助。

田纳西州孟菲斯市农场科技与软件公司戴塔斯（Daitaas）控股的首席执行官乔·詹宁斯说：“这不是普通的农场危机。我们称之为‘农场末日’，现在的处境真的很艰难，”

国会山的助手们表示，议员与特朗普政府官员之间正在就救助农民展开讨论。2018年出台的《农业法案》已两次延期，定于9月30日到期，但新版本法案似乎仍远未敲定。

民主党参议员克洛布查尔称救助农民最快方式是结束对华贸易战

三、民主党参议员克洛布查尔称救助农民最快捷的方式是结束对华贸易战

国会民主党人认为，救助农民最快捷的方式是特朗普结束与中国的贸易战。参议院农业委员会民主党领袖、明尼苏达州参议员埃米·克洛布查尔在给CNN的声明中说：“我们的农民历经数代人建立起的对中国的出口市场，却被随意加征关税阻断了，从特朗普总统第一任期的贸易战中我们已经明白，这些市场不会一夜之间恢复。”

但国会共和党人大多避免批评特朗普与中国的贸易战，众议院上周还投票通过了一项条款，限制国会在明年3月前对特朗普的关税政策提出质疑的权力。

共和党参议院多数党领袖约翰·图恩上周在接受《潘趣碗新闻》采访时说：“我代表的是农业州，这一问题带来的影响非常直接，南达科他州60%的大豆用于出口，且大部分销往中国，而现在这个市场关闭了。因此，在农业地区，我们在贸易和整体市场方面将面临切实的问题。”

普渡大学 芝加哥商品交易所集团农业经济晴雨表指数上月发布的数据显示，美国农民对农业经济的未来持更悲观态度，这已是该群体情绪连续第三个月下滑。

埃里克・尤肯是爱荷华州西部的一名第七代农民，他种植了 750 英亩玉米和 600 英亩大豆。他表示，2024 年大选时，他投票支持特朗普，而非前副总统卡玛拉・哈里斯。但时他不确定特朗普是否愿意再次救助农民。他认为，由于受到任期限制使特朗普无法再次竞选总统，因而“这事对他已经不再重要了”。

‘Tidal wave of problems’: With harvest here, Trump’s trade war pushes some US farmers to the brink. By Eric Bradner, Andrew Seger, Nicky Robertson, Jeremy Herb on AP. September 20, 2025.

Farmers across the country are issuing increasingly urgent warnings that they’ll face grim consequences if they don’t get help selling this year’s bumper crop that many have begun harvesting.

Trade deals many had hoped would quickly emerge after President Donald Trump slapped tariffs on some of the United States’ biggest agricultural customers haven’t come. A farm bailout is no sure thing on Capitol Hill. And farmers — many of whom voted for Trump — say time is running out.

“It just seems like things have stalled all summer long,” said Brian Warpup, who grows corn and soybeans on his 3,900-acre farm in northeastern Indiana. “We’re always hopeful that those negotiations are moving forward, but yet with harvest here, patience may be running thin.”

Across the US, farmers describe increasingly dire circumstances stemming from a confluence of factors — trade wars, Trump’s immigration crackdown, inflation and high interest rates.

Though the challenges vary in different parts of the country, farmers in some cases, particularly on the West Coast, are struggling to find labor to pick their harvest. Others, especially in the Midwest, said they can’t sell what they’ve produced. And many are scrambling to find storage.

It’s led to pressures reminiscent of the trade wars from Trump’s first administration, when the federal government spent billions on bailouts to farmers.

The world’s biggest soybean buyer, China, is so far this year refusing to purchase American soybeans — a critical export that the US Department of Agriculture said was worth nearly $25 billion last year — turning instead to Brazil as part of Beijing’s response to the tariffs Trump imposed on Chinese goods in February.

That standoff has added to challenges farmers already faced entering the season: Prices of commodities are low compared to 2022 peaks, while prices for fertilizer, seeds and equipment are all up. High interest rates are exacerbating the financial squeeze.What soybeans farmers can’t sell must be stored — and many say they’re short on grain bins. Warpup said he is rushing to sell corn that he’d typically store until spring to create room for more soybeans. Others could face even more costs as they pay for grain elevator storage.

Ryan Frieders, a corn and soybean farmer in Illinois, said the storage concerns are “like a tidal wave of problems coming towards Illinois.”

Farm bankruptcies could rise. They were up 55% last year, according to the American Farm Bureau Federation. Ryan Loy, an extension economist for the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture who tracks farm bankruptcies, said in July that farm bankruptcies were up again in the first quarter of 2025.

“It’s going to mean that there’s going to be farmers that are so far at the end of their rope, not able to meet their financial obligations,” said Caleb Ragland, a Kentucky soybean farmer and the president of the American Soybean Association, who has voted for Trump in every presidential election since 2016.

CDC data shows farmers already face higher suicide rates than the rest of the general population, something that Ragland says could unfortunately rear its head under the current situation. “They’re going to see farmers that choose to take their own lives,” Ragland said.

‘We call it farmageddon’

Many farmers are looking to Washington — and Trump, who they overwhelmingly supported in last year’s election — for solutions.

Trump officials led by Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent met this week with a Chinese delegation for trade talks in Madrid, Spain, though it’s not clear if the sides neared a deal that could lead to Chinese soybean purchases. Trump seemingly acknowledged the problem in a Truth Social post last month where he said he hoped China would “quickly quadruple its soybean orders.”

Trump’s One Big Beautiful Bill Act includes a $59 billion increase in spending over the next decade on farm safety net enhancements, as well as tax breaks for equipment. But congressional aides say those funding boosts won’t take effect until next year’s crop — and many farmers said they need more immediate assistance.

“This is not your ordinary farm crisis. We call it ‘farmageddon,’ and it’s really a tough time,” said Joe Jennings, the chief executive officer of Daitaas Holdings, a Memphis, Tennessee-based farm tech and software company.

On Capitol Hill, aides say there are discussions underway between lawmakers and Trump officials about helping farmers. The 2018 Farm Bill, extended twice, is set to expire September 30, though a new version of the legislation does not appear close to being finalized.

Senate Agriculture Chairman John Boozman has said “everything is on the table” to try to address the problem. “Our ongoing, constant efforts to gather farmers’ feedback have always proved tremendously helpful as we make clear to the administration and colleagues in Congress how serious the situation is in rural America,” the Arkansas Republican said in a statement to CNN.

Turning tariffs into bailouts

Lawmakers have floated some out-of-the-box fixes, too. House Agriculture Chairman Glenn “GT” Thompson suggested recently in an interview with trade publication Agri-Pulse there could be other ways for the government to step in, including using revenue collected from tariffs to help farmers.

But Democratic congressional aides say it’s not clear how such a plan would work, and it would likely need congressional approval. One path to helping farmers in financial need is the USDA’s Commodity Credit Corporation, a program that allows the government to help make up losses for farmers. The problem, the aides said, is that taking such a step would require the administration to acknowledge its trade policies are hurting farmers.

Congressional Democrats have argued that the quickest path to helping farmers is for Trump to end his trade war with China.

“Our farmers have spent generations building these export markets, only to have them closed off by haphazard tariffs,” Minnesota Sen. Amy Klobuchar, the top Democrat on the Senate Agriculture Committee, told CNN in a statement. “We learned from the trade war during the President’s first term that these markets don’t come back overnight.”

Congressional Republicans have mostly avoided criticizing Trump’s trade war with China, and the House voted this past week for a provision that restricts Congress’ power to challenge Trump’s tariffs until next March.

But the problem is getting too big to ignore.

“Representing an Ag state, this has very direct consequences, particularly with regard to Asia because that’s such a big market — 60% of South Dakota soybeans are exported and mostly to China, and that market is now shut down,” Senate Majority Leader John Thune said in an interview last week with Punchbowl News. “So, we’re going to have some real issues in farm country with regard to trade and markets more generally.”

The Purdue University-CME Group Ag Economy Barometer Index, a monthly survey that measures farmer sentiment, found last month that America’s farmers — for the third consecutive month — feel less optimistic about the future of the agricultural economy, after that survey found farmer sentiment at a four-year high in May. That four-year high was driven in part by optimism that US agricultural exports would increase in the coming years.

Eric Euken, a seventh-generation farmer in western Iowa with 750 acres of corn and 600 acres of soybeans, who said he voted for Trump over former Vice President Kamala Harris in 2024, he isn’t sure Trump is willing to bail out farmers a second time — because to the term-limited Trump, he said, “it doesn’t matter anymore.”

来源：读行品世事一点号