摘要：Solar geoengineering's the concept of lowering the temperatures here on Earth by shading the planet. Scientists are studying sever

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Solar geoengineering's the concept of lowering the temperatures here on Earth by shading the planet. Scientists are studying several potential ways to reduce solar radiation, including launching huge sun shields into orbit and brightening clouds with salt water to make them more reflective. But the process drawing the most attention involves seeding the upper atmosphere with reflective particles such as sulfur dioxide, which would bounce sunlight back into space.

太阳能地球工程是指通过遮蔽地球来给地球降温概念。科学家们正在研究几种可能减少太阳辐射的方法，包括将巨大的遮阳板发射到轨道上，和用盐水使云层变亮，使其更具反射性。但最受关注的办法是在高层大气中撒播二氧化硫等反射粒子，它们将阳光反射回太空。

The technology, known as stratospheric aerosol injection, is inspired by the planet-cooling effects of volcanic eruptions. When Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines blew in 1991, it spewed nearly 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, lowering global temperatures by about 1 degree Fahrenheit for 15 months. Some estimates suggest a similar cooling effect could be achieved by using high-altitude aircraft to spray a million tons of sulfur dioxide annually. That would cost tens of billions of dollars a year, far cheaper than the trillions of dollars needed to quickly decarbonize the economy.

这项技术被称为气溶胶注入法，其灵感来自火山爆发的地球降温效应。1991年菲律宾皮纳图博火山爆发，向大气中排放了近2000万吨二氧化硫，使全球气温降低了约1华氏度达15个月。一些估计表明，通过使用高空飞机每年喷洒100万吨二氧化硫，可以实现类似的冷却效果。这每年将花费数百亿美元，远远低于快速脱碳经济所需的数万亿美元。

It's a radical plan, but one proponents say is necessary with planet-warming emissions and global temperatures climbing ever higher. “The idea of dialing down the temperature of the whole planet is horrifying,” said David Archer, a climate scientist at the University of Chicago. But it's not as horrifying as “dialing it up with carbon dioxide.”

这是一个激进的计划，但一位支持者表示，随着温室气体排放和全球气温不断攀升，这是必要的。芝加哥大学的气候科学家大卫·阿彻说：“降低整个地球的温度的想法让人害怕。”，但这并不像“用二氧化碳使地球升温”那么可怕。

来源：科学嘚吧嘚儿