由于气候变暖北极熊面临的疾病风险越来越大

360影视 2025-01-10 00:30 2

摘要:n. (尤指从某一国家发回专题报道的)记者,通讯员;通信者,写信人

Polar bears face higher risk of disease in a warming Arctic

由于气候变暖北极熊面临的疾病风险越来越大

disease

n. 疾病,病害;弊病,恶习

v. 传染,使……有病

1. Arctic ['a:ktɪk] n. the regions

around the North Pole,characterized by extreme cold and

ice 北极

北极周围的地区,其特点是极度寒冷和冰雪覆盖

characterize 过去时characterized

v. 描述,刻画;成为……的特征,是……的典型

Victoria Gill

Science correspondent, BBC News

维多利亚·吉尔

BBC 新闻科学记者

correspondent

n. (尤指从某一国家发回专题报道的)记者,通讯员;通信者,写信人

As the Arctic warms, polar bears face a growing risk of contracting viruses, bacteria and parasites that they were less likely to encounter just 30 years ago, research has revealed.

研究显示,随着北极变暖,北极熊感染病毒、细菌和寄生虫的风险日益增加,而这些在 30 年前它们不太可能遇到。

2. contract ['kɒntrækt]

v.to become infected with virus or disease; to acquire or

develop a condition 感染

感染病毒或疾病,患上某种疾病。

infect过去时infected

v. 传染,浸染;污染,败坏;(某种感情或兴趣)影响;感染(计算机病毒)

acquire

v. 获得,得到;学到,习得;患上(疾病);逐渐具有,开始学会

condition

n. 状况,状态;条件,环境;疾病;条款

virus 复数 viruses

n. 病毒;病毒性疾病,病毒感染;(计算机)病毒,(手机的)短信病毒;有害影响,毒害.

bacteria

n. 细菌(bacterium的复数)

parasite复数parasites

n. [基医]寄生虫;[生物]寄生生物(parasite 的复数)

revealed

v. 揭露,透露;显示(reveal 的过去式和过去分词)

“research has revealed”常见释义为“研究揭示;研究表明”

3. parasite ['pærəsaɪt]

n. an organism that lives on or in

a host and benefits by deriving

nutrients at the host's expense

寄生虫

一种寄生于宿主身上或体内,并以牺牲宿主获取营养物质而获益的生物

organism

n. 生物,有机体,(尤指)微生物;有机组织,有机体系

deriving

得到

源于(derive 的现在分词)

网络 派生

nutrients

n. 营养物;养分(nutrient 的复数)

expense

n. 代价,费用;业务费用,报销(expenses);需要花钱的东西,花销的东西

v. 把……记入费用账户;向……收取费用;被花掉

In a study that has provided clues about how polar bear disease could be linked to ice loss, scientists examined blood samples from bears in the Chukchi Sea - between Alaska and Russia.

在一项为北极熊疾病如何与冰层减少相关联提供线索的研究中,科学家检测了楚科奇海(位于阿拉斯加和俄罗斯之间)的北极熊的血液样本。

Chukchi Sea

n. 楚科奇海(北冰洋海域)

Chukchi

n. (西伯利亚东北部的)楚克其族;楚克其人;楚克其语

adj. 楚克奇族的;楚克奇人的;楚克奇语的.

Alaska

n. 阿拉斯加州

They analysed samples that had been gathered between 1987 and 1994, then collected and studied samples three decades later - between 2008 and 2017.

他们分析了 1987 年至 1994 年间采集的样本,然后在三十年后,即 2008 年至 2017 年间,又收集并研究了样本。

analyse 过去时analysed

v. 分析,细察;分解,化验;对……进行心理分析

4. infect [In'fekt] v. to contaminate

with a disease-causing organism

感染

“被致病微生物污染;受到致病生物体的污染”

contaminate

v. 污染,弄脏;毒害,腐蚀(人的思想或品德)

disease-causing

引起疾病的

致病的

organism

The researchers found that significantly more of the recent blood samples contained chemical signals that bears had been infected with one of five viruses, bacteria or parasites.

研究人员发现,在最近的血液样本中,有明显更多的样本含有化学信号,表明熊已感染了五种病毒、细菌或寄生虫中的一种。

它是一个主从复合句,“that bears had been infected with one of five viruses, bacteria or parasites”是一个宾语从句,用来补充说明“chemical signals”的具体内容。

bacterium 复数bacteria

n. 细菌(bacterium的复数)

parasite复数parasites

It is difficult to know, from blood samples, how the bears'physical health was affected, but wildlife biologist Dr Karyn Rode from the US Geological Survey said it showed that something was changing throughout the whole Arctic ecosystem.

从血液样本中很难了解熊的身体健康受到了怎样的影响,但美国地质调查局的野生生物学家卡琳·罗德博士表示,这表明整个北极生态系统正在发生变化。

biologist

n. 生物学家

geological

adj. 地质的,地质学的

ecosystem☞eco+system 体系,系统

n. 生态系统

The researchers tested for six different pathogens in total -viruses, bacteria or parasites that are primarily associated with land-based animals but have been recorded before in marine animals, including species that polar bears hunt.

研究人员总共检测了六种不同的病原体——病毒、细菌或寄生虫,这些病原体主要与陆生动物有关,但此前在海洋动物中也有记录,包括北极熊捕食的物种。

5. pathogen [ˈpæθədʒən]

n. a bacterium, virus, or other

microorganism that can cause

disease 病原体

一种细菌、病毒或其他能够引起疾病的微生物

microorganism☞micro极小的,微小的+organism生物

n. [微] 微生物;微小动植物

pathogen☞path小径,小道+ogen

n. 病原体,致病菌

disease☞do+sea海+se

n. 疾病,病害;弊病,恶习

primarily

adv. 主要地,首要地,根本地

associate 过去时associated

adj. 有关联的,相关的;联合的,联营的

v. 联想,联系;支持;交往(associate 的过去式和过去分词形式)

land-based

adj. 以地面为基地的;栖息于陆地的marine

adj. 海洋的,海产的;海运的,海事的

n. 水兵,海军陆战队士兵;(一个国家的)船舶

species

n. (动植物的)种,物种;种类;(具有相同特征的)一类人;(化学,物理)核素;(圣餐中用的)面包和圣酒

adj. 原种的

The study covered three decades, Dr Rode said, “when there had been a substantial loss of sea ice and there’s been increased land use in this population of polar bears."

罗德博士说,这项研究涵盖了三十年,“在这段时间里,海冰大量减少,而且在这群北极熊中,陆地的使用有所增加。”

6. substantial[səbˈstænʃl]

adj. of considerable importance,

size, or worth 实质的,大量的

具有相当重要性、规模或价值的

considerable☞consider考虑,认为+able

adj. 相当大的,相当重要的;(人)显要的,值得尊敬的

"So we wanted to know if exposure had changed - affecting cats and humans particularly for some of these pathogens that we think are

primarily land-oriented.”

“所以我们想知道接触是否已经发生了变化——尤其对猫和人类产生影响,对于一些我们认为主要与陆地相关的病原体。

exposure

n. 暴露,接触;曝光,揭发;报道,宣传;单张胶片;曝光时间,曝光量;受冻;朝向

“land-oriented”常见释义为“面向陆地的;以陆地为导向的”。在这个句子中“primarily land-oriented”可理解为“主要与陆地相关的;主要面向陆地的”。

The five pathogens, as disease-causing agents are collectively called, that have become more common in polar bears, are two parasites that cause toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, two types of bacteria that cause rabbit

fever and brucellosis, and the virus that causes canine distemper.

这五种病原体,作为致病因子的统称,在北极熊中变得更为常见,它们是两种导致弓形虫病和新孢子虫病的寄生虫、两种分别导致兔热病和布鲁氏菌病的细菌,以及导致犬瘟热的病毒。

agent复数agents

n. 代理人,代理商;(艺术界的)经纪人;间谍,特工;原动力,动因;剂;

collectively☞collect聚集,收集+ively

adv. 集体地,共同地

7.toxoplasmosis

[ˌtɒksəʊplæzˈməʊsɪs]. n. an infection caused by the Toxoplasma gondii, parasite, often affecting cats and humans.

弓形虫病

一种由刚地弓形虫寄生虫引起的感染,通常会影响猫和人类。

infection

n. 传染病;感染;玷污,污染

Toxoplasma

n. 弓浆虫;弓形体

gondii

n.弓形虫(学名:Toxoplasma gondii):一种寄生虫,可感染人类和其他哺乳动物,引起弓形体病。

affecting

v. 影响;(疾病)侵袭,感染;使感动,打动;假装;炫耀,做作地使用(affect 的现在分词)

8. neosporosis [ˌniːəʊspəˈrəʊsɪs]

n. an infection caused by the

Neospora caninum parasite, often

affecting dogs and livestock

新孢子虫病

一种由犬新孢子虫寄生虫引起的感染,常影响狗和家畜

Neospora

新孢子虫属

caninum

网络 犬钩虫

fever

n. 发烧,发热;狂热,高度兴奋;热病

9. rabbit fever ['ræbɪt 'fi:vər]

n. a disease (tularemia) caused by

the bacterium Francisella tularensis

primarily affecting rabbits 兔热病

一种由土拉弗朗西斯菌引起的疾病(兔热病),主要影响兔子。

tularemia

n. [兽医] 兔热病;野兔病

Francisella

n. [微] 弗朗西斯氏菌属

tularensis

土拉杆菌内

10. brucellosis [ˌbruːsəˈləʊsɪs]

n. an infectious disease caused

by Brucella bacteria, affecting

livestock and humans布鲁氏菌病

一种由布鲁氏菌引起的传染病,影响牲畜和人类

infectious☞infection

【n. 传染病;感染;玷污,污染】

adj. 传染的,传染性的;有感染力的,有影响力的

Brucella

n. [微] 布鲁氏菌

livestock☞live生存,活着+stock

股票,现货,存货,股本,资本,股份

n. 牲畜,家畜

canine

adj. 犬的;犬齿的;犬科的;似犬的

n. 犬;[解剖]犬齿

distemper☞did+temper n. 坏脾气,暴躁脾气;心情,情绪;怒气,火气;(时代的)气息,特征;(人或动物的)性格,性情;(钢等的)硬度,回火性;沉着,冷静

n. 瘟热(动物,尤指猫、狗的传染病)

11. canine distemper

['keɪnaɪn dɪ'stempər]

n. a viral disease affecting dogs,

characterized by fever, respiratory

issues, and neurological symptoms

犬瘟热

一种影响狗的病毒性疾病,其特征为发热、呼吸系统问题和神经症状

viral☞virus n. 病毒

adj. 病毒性的,病毒引起的;(与)利用病毒式营销手段(有关)的

characterize过去时characterized☞character

【n.性格,品质 +ize (d)】

adj. 以……为特点的

respiratory

adj. 呼吸的

neurological

adj. 神经病学的,神经学上的

symptom复数symptoms

n. 症状;症候;病征(symptom 的复数)

"Bears in general are pretty robust to disease, " explained Dr Rode."It's not typically been known to affect bear , population, but I think what it just highlights is that things [in the Arctic] are changing."

罗德博士解释说:“总的来说,熊对疾病的抵抗力相当强。通常认为这不会影响熊的数量,但我认为这恰恰凸显了(北极的)情况正在发生变化。”

robust

adj. 强健的,强壮的

在这里的pretty是副词相当,非常。修饰形容词robust 强健的,强壮的

typically

adv. 典型地,有代表性地;一般,通常;一向如此地,不出所料地

highlight 复数highlights

v. 突出,强调;用亮色突出;挑染(highlight 的第三人称单数)

Key polar bear facts

关键的北极熊事实

There are about 26, 000 polar bears left in the world, with the majority in Canada. Populations are also found in the US, Russia, Greenland and Norway

世界上大约还剩下 26,000 只北极熊,其中大多数在加拿大。在美国、俄罗斯、格陵兰和挪威也有其种群分布。

majority

n. 大多数

adj. 多数人的

Polar bears are listed as vulnerable to extinction by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, with climate change a key factor in their decline.

北极熊被国际自然保护联盟列为易危物种,气候变化是其数量减少的关键因素。

12.vulnerable [ˈvʌlnərəbl]

adj.susceptible to physical or harm脆弱的

易受身体伤害的

susceptible

adj. 易得病的,易受影响的;(人)易受感动的,易动感情的。

extinction

n. 灭绝,消亡;(债务的)偿清;消光

conservation

n. 保护,保存;节约,防止浪费;守恒定律

Adult males can grow to be around 3m long and can weigh close to 600kg

成年雄性可以长到约 3 米长,体重接近 600 公斤。

Polar bears can eat up to 45kg of blubber in one sitting.

北极熊一次能吃掉多达 45 公斤的鲸脂。

“in one sitting”常见释义为“一口气;一次;连续地”

在一个连续的时间段内完成某项任务;在开始时就完成任务

13.blubber [ˈblʌbə(r)]

n. a thick layer of fat beneath

the skin of marine mammals,

providing insulation脂肪

n. 鲸脂;哭泣

海洋哺乳动物皮肤下的一层厚厚的脂肪,起保暖作用

lay复数layer

n. 层;层次,等级;摆放者,铺设者,产卵者;压条

marine

adj. 海洋的,海产的;海运的,海事的

mammal复数mammals

n. 哺乳动物

insulation

n. 隔热,绝缘,隔音;隔热(或绝缘、隔音)材料;隔绝状态

These bears have a powerful sense of smell and can sniff out prey from up to 16km away

这些熊有着很强的嗅觉,能在 16 千米以外嗅出猎物。

14. sniff [snɪf]

v. to inhale through the nose

audibly, often to detect an odor 嗅

通过鼻子出声地吸气,通常是为了察觉气味

inhale

vt. 吸入,吸气;狼吞虎咽,大吃大嚼

audibly

adv. 可听见地

detect

v. 查明,察觉;测出,检测,识别

odor

n. 气味;名声

15. prey [preɪ] n. an animal hunted

or killed by another for food 猎物

一种被另一种动物猎捕或杀死以作为食物的动物

They are strong swimmers and have been spotted up to 100km offshore. They can swim at speeds of around 10km per hour, due in part to their paws being slightly webbed.

它们是游泳健将,在距离海岸 100 公里远的海域都曾被发现过。它们的游泳速度约为每小时 10 公里,部分原因是它们的爪子有点像蹼。

offshore

adj. 海上的,近海的;离岸的,向海的;海底石油(或天然气)的开采的;国外的,境外的

adv. 海上地,近海地;离岸地,向海地;海底石油(或天然气)的开采地

v. 将(公司的部分加工或服务)转至海外

16. paw [pɔ:] n. the foot of a

mammal,typically having claws or

pads 爪

哺乳动物的脚,通常有爪子或肉垫

typically

adv. 典型地,有代表性地;一般,通常;一向如此地,不出所料地

pad过去时pads

n. [机]衬垫(pad 的复数);波纹细丝带,眼镜丝带

web过去时webbed

adj. 有蹼的;蜘蛛网状的v. 用蹼将……连接;结网;使落入圈套(web 的过去分词)

17. webbed [webd]

adj. having skin or membranes connecting the toes, as in certain

aquatic animals 有蹼的

(某些水生动物)脚趾间有皮肤或膜相连的

membrane 复数membranes

n. 细胞膜(membrane 的复数);薄膜;膜皮

aquatic

adj. 水生的,水栖的;与水生动植物有关的;水的,水上的

n. (尤指适于在水塘或水族馆中生活的)水生植物(或动物);水上运动(aquatics)

aqua

n. 水;溶液;浅绿色

adj. 浅绿色的

aquarium

n. 水族箱,养鱼缸;水族馆

aquaculture☞aqua水,溶液+culture文化,文明

n. [水产] 水产养殖;水产业

due in part to

由于部分原因:表示某个结果或情况是由于多种原因中的一部分所导致的。

In the US, polar bears are classified as a threatened species; scientists say the biggest threat to their future is the continuing loss of sea ice habitat, which they depend on as a platform from which to pounce on their marine prey.

在美国,北极熊被列为受威胁物种;科学家表示,对它们未来构成的最大威胁是海冰栖息地的持续减少,它们依靠海冰作为平台来扑向海洋中的猎物。

classify过去时classified

adj. 分类的,归类的;机密的,保密的

n. 分类广告

v. 把……分类,把……分级;把(信息)归入保密级别(classify 的过去式和过去分词形式)

threaten过去时threatened

adj. 受到威胁的,感到危险的

v. 威胁,恐吓;威胁到,危及;预示凶兆,有…危险(threaten 的过去式和过去分词)

species 单复数相同

n. (动植物的)种,物种;种类;(具有相同特征的)一类人;(化学,物理)核素;(圣餐中用的)面包和圣酒

adj. 原种的

18. pounce [pauns] v. to leap or

spring suddenly in order to catch or

seize something 猛扑

Previous research using collar cameras on bears has shown

that, as they spend more of the year on land -when there is no available sea ice to hunt from - the bears are unable to find enough calories.

之前使用项圈相机对熊进行的研究表明,由于它们一年中更多时间在陆地上度过——当没有可供狩猎的海冰时——这些熊无法获取足够的热量。

Previous

adj. 以前的,先前的;(时间或顺序上)稍前的;过早的,过急的

n. 前科,犯罪记录

calory复数calories

n. 卡路里(热量单位,calorie 的复数)

Dr Rode explained that polar bears are top predators: “Our study suggested that they're getting their exposure to some pathogens primarily through their prey species.

罗德博士解释说,北极熊是顶级掠食者:“我们的研究表明,它们主要是通过猎物接触到一些病原体的。”

predator 复数predators

[动]捕食者

[动]食肉动物(predator 的复数)

exposure

接触

pathogens

n. [基医] 病原体;病原菌;[基医] 致病菌

"So what we saw as changes in pathogen exposure for polar bears is indicative of changes that other species are also experiencing.”

“所以我们所看到的北极熊接触病原体的变化,表明其他物种也在经历类似的变化。”

19. indicative 英 [ɪnˈdɪkətɪv] 美 [ɪnˈdɪkətɪv] adj.

serving as a sign or indication of

something 指示的

作为某物的标志或指示

serving as

作为……的职责或角色:担任某种职责或角色的行为。

Image source: USG

图片来源:美国地质调查(United States Geological Survey)

Adapted from BBC News:

改编自BBC新闻:

来源:永不落的红黑心

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