摘要:在英语学习中,就近原则是一项重要的语法规则,对于掌握各类句型结构、正确使用谓语动词起着关键作用。尤其在初中和高中阶段的英语学习里,就近原则频繁出现在各种句式中,是同学们需要重点掌握的内容。下面,我们就对英语中的就近原则进行详细的讲解,并附上各十句双语例句,帮助
初中高中英语就近原则全解析,句型与例句大集合
在英语学习中,就近原则是一项重要的语法规则,对于掌握各类句型结构、正确使用谓语动词起着关键作用。尤其在初中和高中阶段的英语学习里,就近原则频繁出现在各种句式中,是同学们需要重点掌握的内容。下面,我们就对英语中的就近原则进行详细的讲解,并附上各十句双语例句,帮助大家更好地理解和运用。
一、就近原则的定义
就近原则,也叫“邻近原则”或“就近一致原则”(Proximity) ,是指在一些特定的句式中,谓语动词的单复数形式要与离它最近的主语保持一致。这一原则与“就远原则”相对,在英语语法中有着广泛的应用 ,主要体现在一些连词连接并列主语以及特定的倒装句结构中。
二、常见遵循就近原则的句型及例句
(一)There be句型
在“There be”结构中,be动词的单复数形式由后面最靠近它的那个名词的单复数来决定 。
1. There is a book and some pens on the desk.(桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。)
2. There are some apples and an orange in the basket.(篮子里有一些苹果和一个橙子。)
3. There is a dog and two cats in the yard.(院子里有一只狗和两只猫。)
4. There are many people and a car in the street.(街上有很多人和一辆汽车。)
5. There is a pen, a ruler and some erasers in the pencil - box.(铅笔盒里有一支钢笔、一把尺子和一些橡皮。)
6. There are two boys and a girl in the classroom.(教室里有两个男孩和一个女孩。)
7. There is a map of China and some pictures on the wall.(墙上有一张中国地图和一些图片。)
8. There are some flowers and a tree near the house.(房子附近有一些花和一棵树。)
9. There is a teacher and forty students in the classroom.(教室里有一位老师和四十名学生。)
10. There are three buses and a car in the parking lot.(停车场里有三辆公共汽车和一辆小汽车。)
(二)Either...or...句型
表示“要么……要么……;不是……就是……” ,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
1. Either you or he is right.(要么你是对的,要么他是对的。)
2. Either Tom or his sisters have to clean the room.(要么汤姆,要么他的姐妹们得打扫房间。)
3. Either the students or the teacher knows the answer.(不是学生知道答案,就是老师知道答案。)
4. Either she or I am going to the party tonight.(今晚不是她去参加派对,就是我去。)
5. Either the cat or the dogs are making a lot of noise.(不是猫就是那些狗在制造很大的噪音。)
6. Either you or your brother has to take out the trash.(要么你,要么你弟弟得把垃圾拿出去。)
7. Either the workers or the manager decides what to do next.(要么是工人们,要么是经理决定下一步做什么。)
8. Either my parents or I am going to visit my grandparents this weekend.(这个周末不是我父母去看望我的祖父母,就是我去。)
9. Either the books or the magazine is interesting.(要么这些书有趣,要么这本杂志有趣。)
10. Either the boy or the girls are responsible for the broken window.(不是这个男孩,就是那些女孩要为打破的窗户负责。)
(三)Neither...nor...句型
意思是“既不……也不……;两者都不” ,连接并列主语时,谓语动词也与靠近它的主语一致。
1. Neither you nor I am wrong.(你和我都没错。)
2. Neither the students nor the teacher likes the movie.(学生和老师都不喜欢这部电影。)
3. Neither Tom nor his parents have been to Beijing.(汤姆和他的父母都没去过北京。)
4. Neither the cat nor the dogs are allowed in the house.(猫和狗都不允许进屋。)
5. Neither she nor her friends know how to solve the problem.(她和她的朋友们都不知道如何解决这个问题。)
6. Neither the pen nor the pencils are mine.(这支钢笔和这些铅笔都不是我的。)
7. Neither the workers nor the boss wants to work overtime.(工人和老板都不想加班。)
8. Neither my brother nor I am good at playing basketball.(我弟弟和我都不擅长打篮球。)
9. Neither the books nor the newspaper is worth reading.(这些书和这份报纸都不值得一读。)
10. Neither the boy nor the girls have finished their homework.(这个男孩和那些女孩都还没完成作业。)
(四)Not only...but also...句型
意为“不但……而且……” ,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。
1. Not only you but also he has to go to school on time.(不但你,而且他也必须按时上学。)
2. Not only the students but also the teacher is excited about the trip.(不但学生们,而且老师也对这次旅行感到兴奋。)
3. Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to the holiday.(不但我的父母,而且我也期待着这个假期。)
4. Not only the boy but also his friends like playing football.(不但这个男孩,而且他的朋友们都喜欢踢足球。)
5. Not only the workers but also the manager has to work hard.(不但工人们,而且经理也得努力工作。)
6. Not only the dog but also the cats are hungry.(不但这只狗,而且这些猫都饿了。)
7. Not only the book but also the magazines are very interesting.(不但这本书,而且这些杂志都非常有趣。)
8. Not only she but also her sisters want to go shopping.(不但她,而且她的姐妹们都想去购物。)
9. Not only the students but also the teachers need to learn new knowledge.(不但学生们,而且老师们也需要学习新知识。)
10. Not only the singer but also the dancers are popular.(不但这位歌手,而且这些舞者都很受欢迎。)
(五)Not...but...句型
表示“不是……而是……” ,谓语动词的形式与靠近它的主语一致。
1. Not you but your father is to blame.(不是你,而是你的父亲该受责备。)
2. Not the students but the teacher decides the class activity.(不是学生们,而是老师决定班级活动。)
3. Not the dog but the cats are making the room messy.(不是狗,而是那些猫把房间弄得乱七八糟。)
4. Not my sister but I am going to do the dishes.(不是我妹妹,而是我要去洗碗。)
5. Not the workers but the boss is responsible for the loss.(不是工人们,而是老板要为损失负责。)
6. Not the book but the magazines are on the table.(不是这本书,而是那些杂志在桌子上。)
7. Not the boy but the girls have cleaned the classroom.(不是这个男孩,而是那些女孩打扫了教室。)
8. Not the car but the buses are running late.(不是这辆汽车,而是那些公共汽车晚点了。)
9. Not the singer but the dancers are performing on the stage.(不是这位歌手,而是那些舞者正在舞台上表演。)
10. Not the computer but the printers need to be repaired.(不是这台电脑,而是这些打印机需要修理。)
(六)Or连接的并列主语
当or连接两个主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
1. You or he has to stay at home.(你或者他必须待在家里。)
2. The students or the teacher knows the truth.(学生们或者老师知道真相。)
3. Tom or his friends are going to play basketball this afternoon.(汤姆或者他的朋友们今天下午要去打篮球。)
4. The dog or the cats are in the garden.(狗或者那些猫在花园里。)
5. She or her sisters have seen the movie.(她或者她的姐妹们看过这部电影。)
6. The book or the magazines are yours.(这本书或者这些杂志是你的。)
7. The workers or the manager makes the decision.(工人们或者经理做决定。)
8. My brother or I am going to cook dinner tonight.(我弟弟或者我今晚要做晚饭。)
9. The pen or the pencils are on the desk.(这支钢笔或者这些铅笔在桌子上。)
10. The boy or the girls are going to plant trees tomorrow.(这个男孩或者那些女孩明天要去植树。)
三、总结
掌握就近原则对于初中和高中的英语学习者来说至关重要,它贯穿于各类句型和日常表达中。通过对以上常见句型及例句的学习和练习,同学们可以更好地理解就近原则的运用规则,在今后的英语学习、考试以及实际交流中,能够准确无误地使用谓语动词,提高英语表达的准确性和流畅性 。希望大家在学习过程中不断总结归纳,多做相关练习,从而熟练掌握这一重要的语法知识。
来源:蒙古元素