精读期刊论文《考虑公平关切的供应链契约与协调》引言

摘要：This issue of tweets will introduce the introduction of the intensive reading journal article "Supply Chain Coordination Consideri

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"supply chain Coordination Considering Fairness Concerns "

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本期推文将从思维导图、精读内容、知识补充三个方面介绍精读期刊论文《考虑公平关切的供应链契约与协调》的引言。

This issue of tweets will introduce the introduction of the intensive reading journal article "Supply Chain Coordination Considering Fairness Concerns " from three aspects: Mind map, intensive reading content, and knowledge supplement.

一、思维导图（Mind Maps）

二、精读内容（Intensive reading content）

随着业务模式从集中式向分散式演变，供应链协调问题成为研究重点。分散决策下，供应商和零售商的“双重边际化”问题导致效率降低。为解决此问题，学者提出供应链契约，通过契约合作使个体动机与系统目标一致，避免双重边际化。

As the business model evolves from centralized to decentralized, supply chain coordination issues have become a research focus. Under decentralized decision-making, the "double marginalization" problem of suppliers and retailers leads to reduced efficiency. To solve this problem, scholars have proposed supply chain contracts, which align individual motivations with system goals through contractual cooperation and avoid double marginalization.

近年来，供应链契约与协调问题在中国受到广泛关注。丁利军等研究了两次生产和订货模式的供应链模式并设计了有效契约方式。艾兴政等研究了零售价格上涨环境下的供应链协调，发现合理设计批发价格和退货折扣策略组合能实现协调。卢震和黄小原研究了不确定交货条件下的供应链系统协调机制，并通过案例说明了主从对策协调机制的有效性。刘春林引入了线性转移支付契约，表明适当的奖罚因子结合限制最低销售规模可以协调供应链。但这些研究都假设决策者是完全理性的，未考虑人的行为因素。

In recent years, the supply chain contract and coordination issues have received widespread attention in China. Ding Lijun et al. studied the supply chain model of the two-time production and ordering model and designed an effective contract method. Ai Xingzheng et al. studied the supply chain coordination under the environment of rising retail prices and found that a reasonable design of wholesale price and return discount strategy combination can achieve coordination. Lu Zhen and Huang Xiaoyuan studied the coordination mechanism of the supply chain system under uncertain delivery conditions and illustrated the effectiveness of the master-slave coordination mechanism through cases. Liu Chunlin introduced a linear transfer payment contract and showed that appropriate reward and punishment factors combined with restrictions on minimum sales scale can coordinate the supply chain. However, these studies all assume that decision makers are completely rational and do not consider human behavior factors.

在供应链契约环境中，供应商和零售商之间的利益分配会触发公平关切倾向。Cui等发现，如果供应链成员关注公平，供应商可以通过高于边际成本的批发价促成协调，使系统利润和效用最大化。本文研究随机需求下的批发价契约、收益共享契约和回购契约，扩展到一般性的协调性契约。Pavlov等结合理论与实证研究了公平关切对供应链协调的影响，指出不完全信息是理论上可以协调的契约实证中无法协调的主要原因。

In the supply chain contract environment, the distribution of benefits between suppliers and retailers will trigger fairness concerns. Cui et al. found that if supply chain members are concerned about fairness, suppliers can promote coordination through wholesale prices higher than marginal costs to maximize system profits and utility. This paper studies wholesale price contracts, revenue sharing contracts, and buyback contracts under random demand, and extends them to general coordination contracts. Pavlov et al. combined theory and empirical research to study the impact of fairness concerns on supply chain coordination, pointing out that incomplete information is the main reason why contracts that can be coordinated in theory cannot be coordinated in practice.

公平关切通常在效用函数中引入利润差异以形式刻画。Bolton和Rabin最早对公平关切加以形式刻画，认为效益的正差异和负差异都会给效用带来一定的损失。De Bruyn和Bolton改进了非对称损失效用函数，预测公平对于讨价还价行为的影响。Konrad和Lammend则从整个社会层面将相对经济状况引入效用函数。Loch和Wu在研究供应链绩效时提出更简洁的公平关切效用形式。本文通过引入参考点依赖来描述公平关切效用函数，以对方的利润作为己方利润的参考点，假设利润差异会带来效用的变化。

Fairness concerns are usually formally characterized by introducing profit differences into the utility function. Bolton and Rabin were the first to formally characterize fairness concerns, believing that both positive and negative differences in benefits would cause certain losses in utility. De Bruyn and Bolton improved the asymmetric loss utility function to predict the impact of fairness on bargaining behavior. Konrad and Lammend introduced relative economic conditions into the utility function from the perspective of the entire society. Loch and Wu proposed a simpler form of fairness concern utility when studying supply chain performance. This paper describes the fairness concern utility function by introducing reference point dependence, taking the other party's profit as the reference point for one's own profit, and assuming that profit differences will bring about changes in utility.

三、知识补充（Knowledge supplement）

非对称损失效用函数（Asymmetric Loss Utility Function）是一种效用函数，用于在决策过程中量化损失的不对称性。在许多实际问题中，损失的正负方向可能具有不同的影响，或者决策者对正负损失的敏感程度不同。非对称损失效用函数通过引入不对称性，能够更准确地反映这种差异。

Asymmetric Loss Utility Function is a utility function used to quantify the Asymmetry of loss in the decision-making process. In many practical problems, the positive and negative directions of loss may have different effects, or decision makers may be differently sensitive to positive and negative losses. Asymmetric loss utility function can more accurately reflect this difference by introducing asymmetry.

非对称损失效用函数的特点：

Characteristics of Asymmetric Loss Utility Function:

1.不对称性：正负损失对效用的影响不同，可能表现为对正损失更敏感，或者对负损失更敏感。

1. Asymmetry: Positive and negative losses have different effects on utility, which may be manifested as being more sensitive to positive losses or more sensitive to negative losses.

2.风险态度：非对称损失效用函数可以反映决策者对风险的不同态度。例如，某些决策者可能更厌恶损失（即对正损失更敏感），而某些决策者可能更寻求风险（即对负损失更敏感）。

2. Risk attitude: Asymmetric loss utility function can reflect different attitudes of decision makers towards risk. For example, some decision makers may be more loss-averse (i.e., more sensitive to positive losses), while some decision makers may be more risk-seeking (i.e., more sensitive to negative losses).

3.参数化：许多非对称损失效用函数可以通过参数化来调整不对称的程度，例如通过引入参数来控制正负损失对效用的影响。

3. Parameterization: Many asymmetric loss utility functions can adjust the degree of asymmetry through parameterization, such as by introducing parameters to control the impact of positive and negative losses on utility.

4.适用性：非对称损失效用函数在许多实际问题中更为适用，例如金融投资、风险管理等领域，因为这些领域中的损失和收益往往不对称。

4. Applicability: Asymmetric loss utility function is more applicable in many practical problems, such as financial investment, risk management, etc., because the losses and gains in these fields are often asymmetric.

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翻译：谷歌翻译

参考资料：谷歌、Chat GPT

参考文献：杜少甫, 杜婵, 梁樑, 刘天卓. 考虑公平关切的供应链契约与协调 [J], 管理科学学报, 2010, 13(11): 41-48.