小一笔记（1）：物流系统规划与设计概述Ⅴ

摘要：物流系统规划设计一是要以经济的方式将规定数量的货物按规定的时间、规定的要求送达规定的目的地；二是要合理配置物流节点，维持适当的库存；三是要实现装卸、保管、包装等物流作业的最优效率和效益；四是要在不影响物流各项功能发挥的前提下，尽可能地降低各种物流成本支出；五是

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“小S笔记（1）：物流系统规划与设计概述Ⅴ”

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"Jr. S Notes (1): Overview of Logistics System Planning and Design V"

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七、物流系统规划与设计的步骤与主要任务The steps and main tasks of logistics system planning and design

物流系统规划设计一是要以经济的方式将规定数量的货物按规定的时间、规定的要求送达规定的目的地；二是要合理配置物流节点，维持适当的库存；三是要实现装卸、保管、包装等物流作业的最优效率和效益；四是要在不影响物流各项功能发挥的前提下，尽可能地降低各种物流成本支出；五是要实现物流与信息流的有机结合，保证物流全过程的信息顺畅。

The Planning and design of a logistics system must first deliver a specified quantity of goods to a specified destination at a specified time and according to specified requirements in an economical manner; second, it must rationally allocate logistics nodes and maintain appropriate inventory levels; third, it must achieve optimal efficiency and effectiveness in logistics operations such as loading, unloading, storage, and packaging; fourth, it must minimize various logistics cost expenditures without affecting the performance of various logistics functions; and fifth, it must achieve the organic integration of logistics and information flow to ensure smooth information flow throughout the entire logistics process.

物流规划与设计以规划工作的时间维为主线，可把整个规划设计的流程或步骤分为四个主要阶段：①确定目标与约束条件；②现状调研、需求分析与方案拟订；③方案评价与选择：④方案实施与实效评价。

Logistics planning and design, with the time dimension of the planning work as the main thread, can divide the entire planning and design process or steps into four main stages: ① Determine goals and constraints; ② Current situation investigation, needs analysis and plan formulation; ③ Plan evaluation and selection; ④ Plan implementation and effectiveness evaluation.

1.确定目标和约束条件 Determine goals and constraints

这一阶段的主要内容是明确整个规划设计工作的目标、组织机构与计划步骤。

The main content of this stage is to clarify the goals, organizational structure, and planned steps of the entire planning and design work.

（1）明确规划设计的目标、约束条件。对于企业物流系统规划设计的目标来说，比较常用的目标有三种：总资金成最小、运营成本最低及顾客服务水平最高。

Clearly define the goals and constraints of the design. For the goals of enterprise logistics system planning and design, the three most commonly used goals are: minimizing total capital, minimizing operating costs, and maximizing customer service levels.

（2）确定系统的边界，明确规划设计的内容。在设计新物流系统或改进现有物流系统时，一个重要的问题是考虑完整的系统还是考虑系统的一部分。解决这个问题的依据有：资源的可得性、物流系统规模、物流系统各组成部分的相对重要性、系统费用、系统整合程度等方面指标。

Determine the boundaries of the system and clearly plan the content of the design. When designing a new logistics system or improving an existing one, an important question is whether to consider the complete system or just a part of it. The basis for solving this problem includes: resource availability, logistics system scale, relative importance of each component of the logistics system, system costs, and the degree of system integration.

（3）设立组织机构。物流系统规划与设计的组织机构应包括为做好规划工作而设立的领导小组、工作机构与专家组。

Establish organizational structure. The organizational structure for logistics system planning and design should include a leading group, a working group, and an expert group established to ensure the planning work is well done.

（4）制订整个规划项目的计划表。规划工作本身就是一个系统工程。为了对整个规划项目进行有效管理，有必要引入项目管理的方法来进行统筹管理，制订项目的计划进度表，以确保整个项目按时保质地完成。

Develop a schedule for the entire planning project. Planning work itself is a systems engineering endeavor. To effectively manage the entire planning project, it is necessary to introduce project management methods for overall coordination and management, and to develop a project schedule to ensure that the entire project is completed on time and with high quality.

2.现状调研、需求分析与方案拟订Current situation investigation, needs analysis, and scheme formulation

在确立物流系统规划与设计的目标后，要对拟建物流系统的现状进行调查，收集必要的资料与数据，并对这些数据进行分类、整理、分析，识别问题，寻找解决问题的方法，结合系统目标制订物流系统的初步方案。具体步骤与内容如下：

After establishing the objectives of logistics system planning and design, it is necessary to investigate the current situation of the proposed logistics system, collect the necessary information and data, classify, organize and analyze the data, identify the problems, find ways to solve the problems, and formulate the preliminary plan of the logistics system in conjunction with the objectives of the system. The specific steps and contents are as follows:

（1）现状调研。了解拟建物流系统的现状，做各种调查，收集相关资料数据。

Current status survey. Understand the current situation of the proposed logistics system, conduct various surveys, and collect relevant data and information.

（2）需求分析。对基本资料进行分析，预测未来的需求，依据需求，识别存在的问题，提出适当的解决问题的各种方法，拟订多套替代方案。

Requirements analysis. Analyze basic data, predict future demand, identify existing problems based on demand, propose various appropriate problem-solving methods, and formulate multiplealternative solutions.

（3）方案的目标分析。确认方案的具体目标，并构思出物流系统方案必须达到的技术标准和经济效益标准。

Goal analysis of the plan. Confirm the specific goals of the plan and conceive the technical standards and economic benefit standards that the logistics system plan must achieve.

（4）方案的总体规划。将创新引发的各构成部分的物流业务转为总体方案，并对物流系统进行总体功能设计与总体框架结构设计。

Overall planning of the scheme. Transforming the logistics operations of various components triggered by innovation into an overall scheme, and carrying out overall functional design and overall framework structure design of the logistics system.

（5）子系统的功能设计。设计出总体框架结构中各子系统具体的功能、实施方法与步骤并加以说明。设计的内容要根据系统的目标与范围来确定。具体内容可分为物流运营网络子系统分析设计、物流管理子系统分析设计、物流信息管理子系统分析设计，也可分为物流载体子系统设计、物流技术子系统设计、物流管理子系统设计。对于具体的物流系统规划与设计的项目，可能是全部子系统的规划设计业务，也可能是其中一部分子系统。

Functional design of subsystems. Design the specific functions, implementation methods, and steps of each subsystem in the overall framework structure, and provide explanations. The design content should be determined according to the system's goals and scope. Specific content can be divided into analysis and design of the logistics operation network subsystem, analysis and design of the logistics management subsystem, analysis and design of the logistics information management subsystem, or into design of the logistics carrier subsystem, design of the logistics technology subsystem, and design of the logistics management subsystem. For specific logistics system planning and design projects, it may involve the planning and design of all subsystems, or just a portion of them.

3.方案评价与选择Program evaluation and selection

物流系统方案评价是物流系统规划工作的一个必不可少的步骤和重要组成部分，它是对经分析和规划设计后形成的各种备选方案进行经济、技术与社会等多个层面的比较与评价，即要根据物流系统的评价标准，采用有效的方法，比较这些备选方案的优劣，从而辅助决策者选择最优或最满意的方案并付诸实施；另外还要研究方案实施的时间进度安排。

Logistics system program evaluation is an indispensable step and an important part of the logistics system planning work, it is the analysis and planning and design of the formation of a variety of alternatives for economic, technical and social levels of comparison and evaluation, that is, according to the evaluation criteria of the logistics system, the use of effective methods to compare the strengths and weaknesses of these alternatives to assist decision makers in selecting the optimal or most satisfactory program and put it into effect; in addition to study the time schedule for program implementation. In addition, it is necessary to study the time schedule for the implementation of the program.

方案评价方法的选用应视物流系统的具体情况而定，一般采用定量分析评价法、定性分析评价法及两者结合的方法（如程序评价法、层次分析法、模糊评价法、目标设计法等）。

The selection of scheme evaluation methods should be determined based on the specific situation of the logistics system. Generally, quantitative analysis evaluation methods, qualitative analysis evaluation methods, and a combination of both (such as program evaluation method, analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy evaluation method, target design method, etc.) are used.

4.方案实施与实效评价Implementation and Effectiveness Evaluation

设计方案的科学性、合理性、效益性和实际可操作性，必须通过规划的实施及实施的效果来检验。

The scientific nature, rationality, effectiveness, and practical operability of a design proposal must be tested through the implementation of the plan and the effects of that implementation.

在方案实施过程中，可能会遇到各种各样的实际问题，有些是设计者事先并未预料到的。这时，实施人员要充分领会方案的整体目标、构思和设计理念，在遇到问题时最大限度地满足设计要求。如果确有无法满足的部分，需要对规划设计方案做必要的调整，但要保证不影响物流系统整体目标的实现；同时在实施过程中要遵循一些基本原则，如适度合理性原则、统一领导及指挥的原则和权变的原则等，还要注重领导的风格；并且还要对实施的方案进行追踪，分析实施前后的变化，对实施结果进行实效评价，提交实效评估的报告，作为方案修正的依据或今后物流系统规划设计的参考。

During the implementation of a plan, various practical problems may arise, some of which were not anticipated by the designers. At this time, the implementers should fully understand the overall goals, ideas, and design concepts of the plan, and meet the design requirements to the greatest extent possible when encountering problems. If there are indeed parts that cannot be met, necessary adjustments need to be made to the planning and design scheme, but it must be ensured that the overall goals of the logistics system are not affected. At the same time, some basic principles should be followed during implementation, such as the principle of moderate rationality, the principle of unified leadership and command, and the principle of contingency. Attention should also be paid to the leadership style; and the implemented plan should be tracked, the changes before and after implementation should be analyzed, the effectiveness of the implementation results should be evaluated, and an effectiveness assessment report should be submitted as a basis for revising the plan or as a reference for future logistics system planning and design.

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