摘要：本研究旨在分析美国主流媒体（CBS、ABC、CNN）与俄罗斯媒体（RT）对特朗普第二任期政策（即"特朗普主义2.0"）的报道态度变化。研究选取了各媒体的代表性新闻节目作为分析样本，包括CBS《60分钟》、ABC《This Week》和《World News T

暨南大学 网络与新媒体系

本研究旨在分析美国主流媒体（CBS、ABC、CNN）与俄罗斯媒体（RT）对特朗普第二任期政策（即"特朗普主义2.0"）的报道态度变化。研究选取了各媒体的代表性新闻节目作为分析样本，包括CBS《60分钟》、ABC《This Week》和《World News Tonight》、CNN《The Lead with Jake Tapper》和《Don Lemon Tonight》，以及RT的《Cross Talk》。本研究发现美国主流媒体报道呈现从专业监督转向系统性批判或谨慎批判的趋势，且不同媒体的情感倾向存在差异，俄罗斯媒体则表现出从观望到谨慎乐观或策略性支持的转变。

研究使用Python编程语言中的requests和BeautifulSoup库从四家新闻网站爬取特朗普主义2.0相关报道，使用 TextBlob 对文本进行情感分析，返回极性（polarity）和主观性（subjectivity）描述值，同时应用RAKE（Rapid Automatic Keyword Extraction）算法提取关键词，获取媒体报道主导内容，经过分析，美国与俄罗斯媒体对特朗普主义2.0的报道态度对比见下表：

表1 美国与俄罗斯媒体对特朗普主义2.0的报道态度对比

研究发现，各媒体对特朗普主义2.0的报道态度差异可能来源于其不同的政治角色与立场，因此，本文对研究范围内的四家媒体展开媒体角色分析。

CBS《60minutes》常被外界认为具有中偏左的立场。然而，2024年10月，特朗普指控其报道仅展示采访部分内容以正面展示哈里斯，威胁吊销营业执照。在此之后，该媒体基于商业生存考量与法律抗争降低了极负面报道内容的比例，呈现谨慎批判的报道态度。

ABC news隶属于迪士尼集团，被视为具有自由派和进步色彩。然而，其在报道涉及选举和政治冲突的议题时，容易情绪化转译，转述特朗普离散、跳跃的言论出现合理化处理，即“sanewashing”现象。整体对特朗普主义2.0的报道较为中立。

CNN归属于Warner Bros Discovery，多支持民主党，报道风格较为激进，内容多为以较强的批评姿态揭示政府政策与言论中的不一致，批评情感鲜明。

RT《cross talk》为俄罗斯政府资助的国际新闻机构，其主要任务之一就是向全球传播符合俄罗斯外交政策立场的信息，其在报道中多呈现着反西方、反主流媒体的色彩，削弱西方联盟的内容倾向，因此会对特朗普主义2.0呈现选择性强调与策略性支持的态度，以特朗普的“反建制”形象削弱西方联盟。但随着美俄利益分歧显现，其报道态度也逐渐转向现实主义批评。

四家媒体除了其独特的政治背景与角色外，还有着作为新闻媒体的共有角色，即商业利益目标，公信力目标、法律与制度约束。媒体在不同角色与定位的考量中呈现多元特征和细微变化。

以“特朗普和马斯克的反对者在全美各地举行集会”新闻事件为例，四家媒体的报道文章生动演绎其情感立场。

图1 报道典例解析

综上，媒体在政治极化中的角色从信息传递者演变为意识形态战场参与者，其报道态度既是党派立场的体现，也是生存策略的结果。

This study aims to analyze the shifting attitudes in the coverage of "Trumpism 2.0"—the policy orientation during Donald Trump's potential second term—by major U.S. mainstream media outlets (CBS, ABC, CNN) and the Russian outlet RT. Representative news programs from each outlet were selected as analytical samples. Using Python programming with the requests and BeautifulSoup libraries, relevant news reports were scraped from the websites of the four media outlets. Sentiment analysis was conducted using TextBlob, which returned polarity and subjectivity scores. Additionally, the RAKE (Rapid Automatic Keyword Extraction) algorithm was employed to extract keywords and identify dominant themes in the media coverage.

The analysis reveals that U.S. mainstream media have shifted from professional oversight toward either systemic criticism or cautious scrutiny, with varying emotional tendencies across outlets. In contrast, Russian media coverage demonstrates a shift from initial observation to cautious optimism or strategic support.

The divergent attitudes toward Trumpism 2.0 may stem from each outlet’s distinct political role and ideological positioning. Consequently, this paper further analyzes the media roles of the four outlets under study.

CBS’s 60 Minutes is often perceived as center-left. However, in October 2024, following accusations from Trump that the show selectively edited content to favor Kamala Harris and threats to revoke its broadcasting license, CBS adopted a more cautious tone. Driven by commercial survival and legal pressure, it began reducing the proportion of overtly negative content, reflecting a shift toward careful critique.

ABC News, owned by The Walt Disney Company, is generally associated with liberal and progressive values. Nevertheless, in covering electoral and political conflicts, the outlet occasionally exhibits emotional framing. It has also shown instances of "sanewashing"—normalizing Trump's disjointed rhetoric through selective paraphrasing. Overall, its coverage of Trumpism 2.0 remains relatively neutral.

CNN, under Warner Bros. Discovery, is known for its Democratic-leaning stance and maintains a more aggressive editorial style. Its reporting tends to expose inconsistencies in government policies and rhetoric with a clear critical tone, often displaying strong negative sentiment.

RT’s Cross Talk, as part of a Russian state-funded international media organization, primarily serves to disseminate narratives aligned with Russia’s foreign policy. Its content often reflects anti-Western and anti-mainstream media sentiments, aiming to weaken Western alliances. As such, it selectively emphasizes and strategically supports Trumpism 2.0, leveraging Trump's anti-establishment image. However, with growing U.S.-Russia tensions, RT's tone has gradually shifted toward a more realist and critical perspective.

In addition to their unique political roles, all four outlets share common media functions, including commercial interests, credibility maintenance, and compliance with legal and institutional constraints. These considerations result in diverse reporting features and subtle shifts in tone.

Amid increasing political polarization, media organizations have evolved from mere information conveyors to active participants in ideological battlegrounds. Their reporting attitudes are not only reflections of partisan positions but also strategic responses to the demands of survival in a competitive media landscape.

来源：非常道