摘要：在技术研究方面国家要多激励，但在技术推广方面要谨慎。国家可以鼓励企业研究无人驾驶技术，包括国家直接进行研究等，但在技术成熟后，能否推广，要综合考虑各方面利弊。也就是说，有些技术，可以研究，但技术成熟后，不一定要大面积推广，可不妨先雪藏起来，以防后患，以备后用。

第一，在技术研究方面国家要多激励，但在技术推广方面要谨慎。国家可以鼓励企业研究无人驾驶技术，包括国家直接进行研究等，但在技术成熟后，能否推广，要综合考虑各方面利弊。也就是说，有些技术，可以研究，但技术成熟后，不一定要大面积推广，可不妨先雪藏起来，以防后患，以备后用。

第二，在出租车和网约车领域应限制推广无人驾驶技术，因为这会导致大面积失业问题，而且是多导致底层人口大面积失业。目前，国家就业形势本身就十分严峻，每年都有上千万大学生需要就业安排，若再有上千万出租车和网约车司机失业，这会大大增加城市社会的不稳定和骚乱风险，后果将十分严重，需有关方面高度警惕和预防。

第三，在军事国防领域，无人驾驶技术可考虑多推广。

第四，无人驾驶技术可以在一些私家车范围内有限度推广。比如，现在老年人口增加多，而老年人身体灵活性差，反应慢，自己开车不方便，在这部分人群中，可以考虑推广无人驾驶技术。

第五，无人驾驶技术，还可以在一些特殊环境中多推广。比如若驾驶过程对驾驶员的生命健康会构成严重威胁，就可以考虑用无人驾驶代替有人驾驶。比如在一些高危环境下，运料车的驾驶等，也可以多考虑推广无人驾驶。

第六，对于部分不涉及国家核心技术和关键前沿技术的无人驾驶技术，国家也可以多鼓励出口。技术本身也是一种产品，既可以供国内消费，也可以供国外消费，至于是否要在国内消费，则应根据国情需要而定。

第七，还需要注意的一点是，有些技术盲目无序扩张，也与领导腐败和企业寻租有关，需要高度警惕。技术进步一定要让多数人和老百姓多受益，不能成为少数人牟利的手段，不能成为腐败和寻租的工具。一个城市的技术推广，不能少数人或个别领导说了算，要多听老百姓的意见和反映，要在充分征求民意的基础上进行决策。

总之，科学技术是第一生产力，大力发展科学技术意义十分重大。但具体如何发展科学技术，如何选择技术进步路径和方向，不同国家应有所区别，应基于自身国情选择发展模式，关键是要与自身的人口、资源等要素结构相匹配，这是实现国家高质量增长的一个重要基础。对于人口众多大国，要多考虑推广资源节约型技术和环境友好型技术。对于劳动节约型技术，应实行有控制和有选择的研究和推广策略。

Song Guiwu : The State Should Control and Selectively Promote Unmanned Driving Technology

At present, many cities have begun to promote unmanned driving. Personally, I believe that the state should control and selectively promote unmanned driving technology and not allow it to expand blindly and disorderly. First, the state should provide more incentives in technological research, but be cautious in technological promotion. The state can encourage enterprises to conduct research on unmanned driving technology, including conducting research directly by the state. However, after the technology matures, whether it can be promoted should comprehensively consider the pros and cons of various aspects. That is to say, some technologies can be researched, but after they mature, they do not necessarily need to be promoted on a large scale. They can be kept in reserve for now to prevent future problems and be ready for future use. Second, the promotion of unmanned driving technology should be restricted in the fields of taxis and online car-hailing, as this will lead to large-scale unemployment, and mostly among the lower-income population. Currently, the employment situation in the country is already very severe, with tens of millions of college students needing employment arrangements every year. If tens of millions of taxi and online car-hailing drivers lose their jobs, it will greatly increase the instability and unrest risks in urban society, and the consequences will be very serious. Relevant parties need to be highly vigilant and preventive. Third, in the field of military and national defense, the unmanned driving technology can be considered for more promotion. Fourth, the unmanned driving technology can be promoted to a limited extent within the scope of some private cars. For example, the elderly population is increasing, and the elderly have poor physical flexibility and slow reactions, making it inconvenient for them to drive by themselves. Among this group of people, the unmanned driving technology can be considered for promotion. Fifth, the unmanned driving technology can also be promoted more in some special environments. For example, if the driving process poses a serious threat to the driver's life and health, unmanned driving can be considered instead of manned driving. For example, in some high-risk environments, such as the driving of material transport vehicles, the promotion of unmanned driving can also be considered more. Sixth, for some unmanned driving technologies that do not involve the country's core technologies and key cutting-edge technologies, the state can also encourage more exports. Technology itself is also a kind of product, which can be consumed both domestically and internationally. As for whether it should be consumed domestically, it should be determined based on the needs of the national conditions. Seventh, it is also necessary to note that the blind and disorderly expansion of some technologies is also related to leadership corruption and corporate rent-seeking, which requires high vigilance. Technological progress must benefit the majority of people and ordinary people. It cannot become a means for a few people to make profits, nor can it become a tool for corruption and rent-seeking. The promotion of technology in a city should not be decided by a few people or individual leaders. More opinions and feedback from the common people should be listened to, and decisions should be made on the basis of fully soliciting public opinions. In conclusion, science and technology are the primary productive forces, and it is of great significance to vigorously develop science and technology. However, regarding how to develop science and technology specifically, and how to choose the paths and directions of technological progress, different countries should be different. They should choose a development model based on their own national conditions. The key is to match their own population, resources and other factor structures. This is an important foundation for achieving high-quality growth of the country. For large countries with a large population, more consideration should be given to promoting resource-saving technologies and environment-friendly technologies. For labor-saving technologies, a controlled and selective research and promotion strategy should be implemented.

来源：宋圭武