英语功能性后缀“-ing、-ed、-s/-es、-est、-th”详解

360影视 国产动漫 2025-04-29 12:29 2

摘要:后缀功能示例注意事项-ing动名词/分词running, exciting注意双写规则-ed过去式/形容词played, excited区分-ed/-ing形容词-s/-es复数/三单books, goes发音变化-est最高级biggest限于短形容词

1️⃣ -ing(动名词/现在分词)

功能

动名词(作名词):Running is healthy.(跑步有益健康)现在分词(进行时/形容词):

She is running.(进行时)

An exciting game.(形容词)

规则

一般动词:直接加 -ing(play → playing)以e结尾:去e加 -ing(write → writing)重读闭音节:双写尾字母(run → running)

易错点

误用进行时:"I am wantingwater."(应为 "I want water."

2️⃣ -ed(过去式/形容词)

功能

规则动词过去式:She played piano.形容词(感受):I'm excited!

规则

一般动词:加 -ed(work → worked)以e结尾:加 -d(live → lived)辅音+y结尾:y变i加 -ed(study → studied)

注意

不规则动词需单独记忆(go → went)形容词辨析:

boring(令人无聊的) vs. bored(感到无聊的)

3️⃣ -s/-es(复数/三单)

名词复数:book → books动词三单:She goes to school.情况变化例子一般加 -scat → catss/sh/ch/x/z结尾加 -esbox → boxes辅音+yy变i加 -esbaby → babies

发音技巧

/s/:清辅音后(books)/z/:浊辅音/元音后(dogs)/ɪz/:-es结尾(watches)

4️⃣ -est(最高级)

功能:构成形容词最高级
规则

短形容词:加 -est(tall → tallest)以e结尾:加 -st(large → largest)辅音+y:y变i加 -est(happy → happiest)

限制

功能

序数词:four → fourth抽象名词:grow → growth

规则

five → fifth(ve变f)

nine → ninth(去e)

后缀功能示例注意事项-ing动名词/分词running, exciting注意双写规则-ed过去式/形容词played, excited区分-ed/-ing形容词-s/-es复数/三单books, goes发音变化-est最高级biggest限于短形容词-ing vs. -ed形容词

The movie is exciting.(电影本身令人兴奋)

I'm excited.(我感到兴奋)

三单一致性

She goes, he watches, it runs

最高级限定

swim → ______

write → ______

答案swimming, writing

选择正确形容词:

The (bored/boring) lecture made students sleepy.

答案boring

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来源:开口说英语

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