【文献阅读】Immunity | 嵌合血凝素疫苗可诱导产生稳健持久的B细胞应答

360影视 国产动漫 2025-05-05 20:44 2

摘要:文献报道显示目前的流感疫苗所提供的保护效力较为有限,而且对具有大流行威胁的病毒几乎没有保护作用。流感疫苗采用血凝素(HA)头部结构域的免疫显性表位,驱动免疫应答,但头部区域易受抗原漂移影响。新一代疫苗旨在通过采用HA亚显性表位,产生针对多种流感病毒亚型的、更为

文献报道显示目前的流感疫苗所提供的保护效力较为有限,而且对具有大流行威胁的病毒几乎没有保护作用。流感疫苗采用血凝素(HA)头部结构域的免疫显性表位,驱动免疫应答,但头部区域易受抗原漂移影响。新一代疫苗旨在通过采用HA亚显性表位,产生针对多种流感病毒亚型的、更为持久和广谱的免疫应答。

近日,来自美国芝加哥大学的Patrick C. Wilson研究组在Immunity上发表题为Long-lasting B cell convergence to distinct broadly reactive epitopes following vaccination with chimeric influenza virus hemagglutinins的文章,就上述问题进行了深入研究,并发现嵌合血凝素压显性表位疫苗(cHA疫苗)可以诱导产生急性浆母细胞(PB),持久启动记忆B细胞(MBC)响应。

为了研究B细胞特异性,以及比较不同疫苗接种之后B细胞的变化情况,作者首先设计了cH8/1 (H8头部结构域,H1柄结构域)和cH5/1 (H5头,H1柄)两组疫苗,并通过LAIV和IIV AS03两种方式进行接种。随后,在不同时间点提取B细胞,进行单细胞RNA测序和B细胞受体测序。作者的接种思路是先接种cH8/1进行预刺激,浆母细胞产生单克隆抗体之后,再进行cH5/1 增强型刺激。

在一项I期临床试验中,嵌合血凝素 (cHA) 免疫原诱导了针对保守血凝素 (HA) 茎结构域的抗体应答,正如设计的那样。本研究通过结合单细胞RNA测序和B细胞受体组测序,确定了cHA疫苗诱导的B细胞的特异性、功能和亚群。使用角鲨烯类佐剂(AS03)的cHA灭活疫苗可诱导针对茎结构域中两个广谱中和表位的强效活化B细胞和记忆B细胞 (MBC) 表型。急性浆母细胞 (PB) 和MBC应答的总体特异性克隆重叠,表明B细胞向这些广谱保护表位趋同。免疫接种一年后,我们发现cHA疫苗重塑了HA特异性MBC池,从而富集了茎结合B细胞。总之,这些数据表明,cHA 疫苗针对 HA 茎结构域的广泛保护性表位诱导了强大而持久的 B 细胞反应,这与血清学数据一致。

附文献信息:

Title:Long-lasting B cell convergence to distinct broadly reactive epitopes following vaccination with chimeric influenza virus hemagglutinins

DOI:10.1016/j.immuni.2025.02.025

Highlights:(1)Recall of B cells specific for broadly protective HA epitopes with a shared Ig repertoire;(2)Discrete B cell populations and specificities linked to vaccine formulation;(3)Boosting of existing MBCs and priming of new MBCs against conserved HA stalk epitopes;(4)Greater proportion of stalk-binding MBCs in cHA vaccinees relative to seasonal vaccinees

Summary:In a phase 1 clinical trial, a chimeric hemagglutinin (cHA) immunogen induced antibody responses against the conserved hemagglutinin (HA) stalk domain as designed. Here, we determined the specificity, function, and subsets of B cells induced by cHA vaccination by pairing single-cell RNA sequencing and B cell receptor repertoire sequencing. We have shown that the cHA-inactivated vaccine with a squalene-based adjuvant induced a robust activated B cell and memory B cell (MBC) phenotype against two broadly neutralizing epitopes in the stalk domain. The overall specificities of the acute plasmablast (PB) and MBC responses clonally overlapped, suggesting B cell convergence to these broadly protective epitopes. At 1 year post immunization, we identified that cHA vaccination reshaped the HA-specific MBC pool to enrich for stalk-binding B cells. Altogether, these data indicate the cHA vaccine induced robust and durable B cell responses against broadly protective epitopes of the HA stalk domain, in line with serological data.

来源:薛定谔的科学杂谈

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