摘要：《Journal of Health Economics》（《健康经济学杂志》）是一本专注于健康和医疗保健经济学领域的学术期刊。该期刊成立于1982年，它涉及的主题包括健康服务的生产和供应、健康服务的需求和利用、健康服务的融资、健康的决定因素（包括健康投资和风
声明：本系列文章基于原期刊目录和摘要内容整理而得，仅限于读者交流学习。如有侵权，请联系删除。
期刊介绍：
《Journal of Health Economics》（《健康经济学杂志》）是一本专注于健康和医疗保健经济学领域的学术期刊。该期刊成立于1982年，它涉及的主题包括健康服务的生产和供应、健康服务的需求和利用、健康服务的融资、健康的决定因素（包括健康投资和风险健康行为）、疾病不良后果、需求者、供应者和其他卫生保健机构的行为模型、政策干预的评估以及卫生政策的效率和分配等方面。该刊每年发行6期，平均每期发表文章10篇左右，2024年影响因子为3.4。
本期看点：
●提升年轻女性及其伴侣获取避孕药具便利性的政策，是降低意外妊娠几率、改善后续人生境况的潜在低成本途径。
●基于自比利时随机实验结果，支持性就业计划使心理健康状况相关残疾保险受益人在领取残疾保险津贴期间参与工作的概率提高了7.5个百分点，每月领取的失业保险津贴金额减少110欧元（降幅达9.5%）。
●增加新生儿重症监护室的供给可降低轻体重新生儿的死亡率，同时也可提高健康新生儿的入院率。
●九分之一的美国人吸烟，而吸烟者中患有心理疾病的比例异常高。戒烟短期内会增加心理困扰，但会减轻较轻微的长期痛苦。
●在日本养老金发放日，救护车运输事件数量增加了4.5%，这与赌博、购物和外出就餐等活动的增加有关；收入的到账通过缓解流动性约束的机制促进了经济活动。
●限制LGBT权利的立法可能会降低LGBT个体及其家庭的健康水平。在“无LGBT区域”，每年的自杀企图增加了16.5%，自杀企图的增加主要集中在13至18岁和45至49岁的个体中。LGBT是一个缩写词,代表女同性恋者(Lesbians)、男同性恋者(Gays)、双性恋者(Bisexuals)和跨性别者(Transgender)。
※ 本期目录
●The pharmacist will see you now: Pharmacist prescribed contraceptives and fertility rates
●Is supported employment effective for Disability Insurance recipients with mental health conditions? Evidence from a randomized experiment in Belgium
●Intensive care supply and admission decisions
●The effect of smoking cessation on mental health: Evidence from a randomized trial
●Investigator racial diversity and clinical trial participation
●Income receipt, economic activities, and health: Evidence from ambulance transport patterns
●Implications of the decline in LGBT rights for population mental health: Evidence from Polish “LGBT-free zones”
The pharmacist will see you now: Pharmacist prescribed contraceptives and fertility rates
药剂师现在为您服务：药剂师开具避孕药具处方与生育率
作者
Daniel Grossman（西弗吉尼亚大学；美国国家经济研究局NBER），Arijit Ray（佛罗里达大学），Allyssa Wadsworth（休斯顿大学-克利尔湖分校）
摘要：Policies that increase contraceptive access for young women and their partners are a potentially low-cost way of reducing unintended pregnancies and improving later life outcomes. Several states have recently implemented laws that allow pharmacists to prescribe contraceptives to women without the need to see a physician. We study the effect of these state laws on fertility rates. Using US Natality files for 2014–2020, we employ a difference-in-differences strategy using the 13 states that had enacted a law until the first quarter of 2020 as the treated group, and the 15 policy-implementing states post-2020 quarter 1 as the control group. We find approximately 0.5 fewer births per 1000 women aged 15–49 per quarter occur post law implementation, compared to control states. The effect of the policy appears to be focused among women aged 25–34 and 40–44 and women with a high school education or less.
提升年轻女性及其伴侣获取避孕药具便利性的政策，或许是降低意外妊娠几率、改善后续人生境况的潜在低成本途径。近来，美国多个州出台法令，允许药剂师无需女性就诊医生便可为其开具避孕药具处方。本研究旨在探究此类州法令对生育率的效应。依托 2014 至 2020 年的美国出生统计文件，运用双重差分方法，将截至 2020 年第一季度已施行该法令的 13 个州设为处理组，把 2020 年第一季度后实施政策的 15 个州当作对照组。研究发现，法令施行后，相较于对照州，每季度 15 至 49 岁女性每千人中约减少 0.5 例分娩。该政策效力在 25 至 34 岁、40 至 44 岁年龄段女性以及受教育程度为高中及以下的女性群体中更为显著。
Is supported employment effective for Disability Insurance recipients with mental health conditions? Evidence from a randomized experiment in Belgium
支持性就业对心理健康状况相关残疾保险受益人是否有效？——来自比利时随机实验的证据
作者
Sébastien Fontenay（阿尔卡拉大学）, Ilan Tojerow（布鲁塞尔自由大学）
摘要：We conduct a randomized experiment (n = 600) to evaluate a Supported Employment (SE) program that, through intensive job coaching and follow-along support, aims to increase work activity of Belgian Disability Insurance (DI) recipients with mental health conditions. The control group gets regular vocational rehabilitation. After a 30-month follow-up period, we find that SE increases the probability of working while claiming DI by 7.5 percentage points and reduces the amount of DI benefit received by 110 euros per month (−9.5 percent).
我们开展了一项随机实验（样本量n=600），以评估一项支持性就业（Supported Employment, SE）计划的效果。该计划通过强化职业辅导和后续支持，旨在提升比利时心理健康状况相关残疾保险（Disability Insurance, DI）受益人的工作参与度。对照组接受常规职业康复服务。经过30个月的跟踪观察，我们发现SE计划使受益人在领取DI津贴期间参与工作的概率提高了7.5个百分点，同时使其每月领取的DI津贴金额减少110欧元（降幅达9.5%）。
Intensive care supply and admission decisions
重症监护供给和入院决策
作者
Seth Freedman（印第安纳大学），Lauren Hoehn-Velasco（佐治亚州立大学），Diana R. Jolles（弗朗蒂尔护理大学）
摘要：Over 2005–2019, the number of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) grew by 10%, and the number of NICU beds increased by 30%. This expansion in intensive care has raised concerns over unwarranted intensive care admissions. In this study, we examine whether the greater supply of NICUs causally raises admission rates. Our event-study results show that an additional NICU opening in a county raises the share of newborns admitted to the NICU by 8%. The majority of new NICU admissions come from healthier newborns (2,500 grams and over) rather than very premature newborns (
2005-2019年间，新生儿重症监护室（NICUs）的数量增长了10%，新生儿重症监护室的床位增加了30%。这种重症监护规模的扩大引起了人们对不必要的重症监护入院的担忧。在本研究中，我们探讨了新生儿重症监护室的增加是否会导致入院率上升。我们的事件研究结果表明，一个县每增加一个新生儿重症监护室，新生儿重症监护室收治的新生儿比例就会增加 8%。新生儿重症监护室新收治的大多数新生儿为健康新生儿（体重2500克及以上），而不是极早产新生儿（体重小于1500克）。只有在新生儿重症监护室条件有限的县，最轻的新生儿（体重低于1500克）的入院人数才会增加。在这些地区，增加新生儿重症监护室的供给也会降低死亡率，但仅限于体重非常轻的新生儿（小于1500克）。总之，我们的研究结果表明，增加新生儿重症监护室的供给可降低最脆弱新生儿的死亡率，同时也可提高健康新生儿的入院率。
The effect of smoking cessation on mental health: Evidence from a randomized trial
戒烟对心理健康的影响：来自随机试验的证据
作者
Katherine Meckel（美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校）, Katherine Rittenhouse（美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）
摘要：One in nine Americans smokes cigarettes, and a disproportionate share of smokers suffer from mental illness. Despite this correlation, there exists little rigorous evidence on the effects of smoking cessation on mental health. We re-use data from a randomized trial of a smoking cessation treatment to estimate short and long-term impacts on previously un-analyzed measures of mental distress. We find that smoking cessation increases short-run mental distress, while reducing milder forms of long-run distress. We provide suggestive evidence on mechanisms including physical health, marriage, employment and substance use. Our results suggest that cessation efforts and mental health supports are complementary interventions in the short run and provide new evidence of welfare gains from cessation in the long run.
九分之一的美国人吸烟，而吸烟者中患有心理疾病的比例异常高。尽管存在这一相关性，关于戒烟对心理健康影响的严谨证据却很少。我们重新利用了一项戒烟治疗的随机试验数据，以评估先前未分析的戒烟对心理困扰指标的短期和长期影响。研究发现，戒烟短期内会增加心理困扰，但会减轻较轻微的长期痛苦。我们提供了提示性证据，揭示其作用机制可能涉及身体健康、婚姻状况、就业和物质使用等因素。研究结果表明从短期看，戒烟干预与心理健康支持具有互补作用，同时研究结果也为长期戒烟带来的益处提供了新证据。
Investigator racial diversity and clinical trial participation
研究者种族多样性和临床试验参与
作者
Marcella Alsan（哈佛大学）, Romaine A. Campbell（康奈尔大学）, Lukas Leister（庞培法布拉大学）, Ayotomiwa Ojo（西北纪念医院）
摘要：We investigate whether increased racial diversity of clinical trial principal investigators could increase the enrollment of Black patients, which currently lags population and disease-burden. We conducted a survey experiment in which respondents were shown a photo of a current NIH investigator in which race (Black/White) was randomized. Sex was also randomized as a relevant benchmark. Black respondents reported 0.35 standard deviation units higher interest in participating in a clinical study led by a race concordant investigator (a 12.6% increase). Sex concordance had no effect. Further analyses indicate that perceived trustworthiness and attractiveness are the most important factors explaining these results.
我们研究了增加临床试验主要研究者种族多样性是否能够提高黑人患者的入组率，目前黑人患者的入组率落后于其在总体人口和疾病负担中的比例。我们进行了一项调查实验，向受试者展示了一位国立卫生研究院（NIH）现任研究者的照片，其种族（黑人/白人）和性别均通过随机分配。结果显示，黑人受访者在面对种族一致的研究者时，对参与该临床研究的兴趣提高了0.35个标准差（即增长12.6%）；而性别一致性则没有产生显著影响。进一步分析表明，受试者对研究者的信任度和吸引力感知是解释上述结果的最重要因素。
Income receipt, economic activities, and health: Evidence from ambulance transport patterns
收入、经济活动与健康：
来自救护车运输模式的证据
作者
Yoko Ibuka(日本庆应义塾大学；夏威夷大学马诺阿分校), Junya Hamaaki(日本法政大学；日本内阁府经济和社会研究所；伦敦大学亚非学院日本研究中心)
摘要：Studies indicate that mortality increases after income receipt. To explore whether this is due to increased economic activity around the period of receiving income, we examine within-month patterns in ambulance transport incidents, focusing on location and timing. Using Japan’s National Pension payments made every two months, we compare the number of ambulance transport incidents on the day of pension payment and on surrounding days in payment months with those in non-payment months. The results show a 4.5% increase in ambulance transport incidents on the day of pension payment, linked to increased activities such as gambling, shopping, and dining out. We show suggestive evidence that income receipt boosts economic activities by the mechanism of easing liquidity constraints. These findings have implications for healthcare system preparedness and the optimal design of public benefit payment.
研究表明，在收到收入后，死亡率有所上升。为了探究这是否是由于在收到收入前后经济活动的增加所导致的，我们考察了救护车运输事件在一个月内的模式，重点关注其发生的地点和时间。以日本每两个月发放一次的国民养老金为例，我们将养老金发放日以及发放月周围几天内的救护车运输事件数量与非发放月的相应天数进行了比较。结果显示，在养老金发放日，救护车运输事件数量增加了4.5%，这与赌博、购物和外出就餐等活动的增加有关。我们还提供了初步证据，表明收入的到账通过缓解流动性约束的机制促进了经济活动。这些发现对医疗保健系统的准备以及公共福利支付的最佳设计具有启示意义。
Implications of the decline in LGBT rights for population mental health: Evidence from Polish “LGBT-free zones”
波兰“无LGBT区域”对人口精神健康的启示：来自“无LGBT区域”的证据
作者
Chad D. Meyerhoefer（里海大学；美国国家经济研究局NBER）, Bingjin Xue（新罕布什尔大学）, Anna Poznańska（波兰国家公共卫生研究所）
摘要：Theories of minority stress suggest recent legislation limiting LGBT rights can reduce the health of LGBT individuals and their families. We investigate how the creation of LGBT-free zones across Poland during 2019 and 2020 affected mental health and mortality. We find that annual suicide attempts increased by 16.5 %, or 5 attempts per 100k, deaths from external causes, including automobile accidents, suicides and other accidents and injuries increased 10.6 %, or 5.6 deaths per 100k, and suicide deaths increased 17.0 % (p = 0.108), or 1.9 deaths per 100k, in LGBT-free zones. The rise in suicide attempts was concentrated among individuals aged 13–18 and 45–49 and coincided with an 8.8 % increase in sales of prescription drugs for addictive disorders. However, there was no change in the use of psychotropic medications used to treat mental health conditions, indicative of limited access to mental health care.
少数群体压力理论表明，近期限制LGBT权利的立法可能会降低LGBT个体及其家庭的健康水平。我们研究了2019年和2020年期间波兰各地创建的“无LGBT区域”对精神健康和死亡率的影响。我们发现，在“无LGBT区域”，每年的自杀企图增加了16.5%，即每10万人中有5次企图；包括交通事故、自杀和其他事故及伤害在内的外部原因导致的死亡增加了10.6%，即每10万人中有5.6人死亡；自杀死亡率增加了17.0%（p = 0.108），即每10万人中有1.9人死亡。自杀企图的增加主要集中在13至18岁和45至49岁的个体中，并与治疗成瘾障碍的处方药销售增加8.8%同时发生。然而，用于治疗精神健康状况的精神活性药物的使用并没有变化，这表明对精神健康护理的获取是有限的。
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