摘要：Megan Brenan is a Senior Editor at Gallup. Brenan uses her expertise in analysis and questionnaire design to advise on Gallup clie

湛明扬：Americans See Little Progress in Key Areas Under Biden（美国人认为拜登执政期间关键领域进展甚微）

More think the U.S. lost than gained ground in a majority of economic, national and international areas（大多数人认为美国在经济、国内和国际等多数领域不进反退）

Megan Brenan（梅根・布伦南）

简介：

Megan Brenan is a Senior Editor at Gallup. Brenan uses her expertise in analysis and questionnaire design to advise on Gallup client survey projects. She also writes data-driven articles on a broad range of topics for Gallup.com, including economic, political and business matters.

Before joining Gallup, Brenan worked more than 17 years at The New York Times as a writer and most recently as the deputy editor of the News Surveys desk. She covered polling and elections throughout her tenure at The Times under the bylines "Megan Thee" and Megan Thee-Brenan."

Brenan received her bachelor's degree in political science from College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Mass. She has been a member of AAPOR for nearly two decades and served as secretary and treasurer of its New York Chapter.

（梅根・布伦南是盖洛普公司的高级编辑。布伦南凭借其在分析和问卷设计方面的专业知识，为盖洛普的客户调查项目提供建议。她还为盖洛普网站撰写基于数据的文章，主题广泛，涵盖经济、政治和商业事务等。

在加入盖洛普之前，布伦南在《纽约时报》工作了 17 年多，担任撰稿人，离职前是新闻调查部门的副主编。在《纽约时报》任职期间，她以 “梅根・西” 和 “梅根・西 - 布伦南” 为署名，报道民意调查和选举相关内容。

布伦南毕业于马萨诸塞州伍斯特市的圣十字学院，获政治学学士学位。近二十年来，她一直是美国民意研究协会（AAPOR）的成员，并曾担任该协会纽约分会的秘书和财务主管。）

华盛顿 —— 在乔・拜登总统即将卸任之际，美国人对美国在其总统任期内 18 个经济、国内和国际问题上所取得的进展，大多给出负面评价。

大多数美国人认为，在过去四年里，美国在六个领域出现倒退，其中联邦债务问题占比 67%、移民问题 64%、贫富差距问题 60%、经济问题 59%、美国的国际地位问题 58%，以及犯罪问题 51%。也有相当一部分人表示，美国在其他六个领域也落后了，分别是教育、恐怖主义、与其他国家的贸易关系、种族关系、国家基础设施和能源领域。

与此同时，美国成年人认为在其中一个问题上取得进展（39%）的比例，要高于认为出现倒退（23%）或保持稳定（31%）的比例，这个问题是同性恋、双性恋和跨性别群体的处境。

更多美国民众认为，在气候变化和黑人处境这两个问题上，美国处于停滞状态，而非取得进展或出现倒退。美国成年人在医疗保健、国防军事和税收等问题上，对于美国是出现倒退还是停滞不前，看法大致相当，而认为在这些领域取得进展的人相对较少。

这些调查结果来自盖洛普在 2024 年 12 月 2 日至 18 日进行的民意调查，拜登的副总统卡玛拉・哈里斯在大选中输给唐纳德・特朗普，此次调查是在总统权力交接一个月后开展的。

民主党人在所有领域的评价都比共和党人积极得多

民主党人，包括倾向民主党的无党派人士，对过去四年里 18 个问题中的 14 个，持净正面的看法。不过，这些党派人士的积极评价差异很大，从能源领域的 + 51 到黑人处境问题的 + 13。民主党人认为在拜登总统任期内有所改善的其他问题包括国家基础设施、与其他国家的贸易关系、经济、LGBTQ + 群体的处境、国防军事、美国的国际地位、恐怖主义、犯罪问题、气候变化、医疗保健、教育和种族关系。

在拜登执政期间，民主党人认为美国在联邦债务和贫富差距问题上倒退多于进步。在税收问题上，民主党人对于国家是取得进展还是出现倒退存在分歧，大多数人（63%）认为在这个问题上没有变化。民主党人在美国在移民问题上是取得进展（30%）还是出现倒退（33%）上也存在分歧。

共和党人和倾向共和党的无党派人士认为，在过去四年里，美国在 18 个领域中的 17 个出现了倒退，他们对移民、联邦债务和经济问题的看法最为负面。同性恋、双性恋和跨性别群体的处境，是共和党人认为在拜登领导下取得进展的唯一问题。

在许多问题上，拜登的评价比前任更低

盖洛普还分别在 2021 年特朗普第一任期结束时，以及 2017 年巴拉克・奥巴马和 2009 年乔治・W・布什第二任期结束时，对美国人对国家进展的看法进行了调查。12 月民意调查中衡量的 18 个问题，在上述三位总统任期结束时同样进行了追踪调查，另外 5 个问题在奥巴马和特朗普任期结束后进行了询问，还有 1 个问题（国家基础设施）仅在最近这次民意调查中进行了测量。总体而言，美国人在总统任期结束时，对其在各类问题上取得进展的评价，负面多于正面。

与四年前共和党人对特朗普的看法，以及 2017 年民主党人对奥巴马的看法相比，民主党人对拜登取得进展的看法普遍较为平淡，但与 2009 年共和党人对布什的看法有些相似。

总结

鉴于拜登的支持率相对较低，且人们预计历史会对他的总统任期给出负面评价，美国人认为美国在他执政期间没有改善也就不足为奇。然而，美国人对前任总统任期结束时的评价，也大多是负面的，即使是离任时支持率相对较高的奥巴马也是如此。民主党人对拜登在一系列经济、国内和国际领域的表现，普遍持谨慎态度，这导致他的净正面评价异常低。

WASHINGTON, D.C. -- As President Joe Biden prepares to leave office, Americans offer a largely negative assessment of the progress the U.S. has made during his presidency on 18 economic, national and international issues.

Majorities of Americans think the U.S. has lost ground in six areas over the past four years, including the federal debt (67%), immigration (64%), the gap between the wealthy and less well-off (60%), the economy (59%), the United States’ position in the world (58%) and crime (51%). Pluralities also say the nation has fallen behind in six other areas: education, terrorism, trade relations with other countries, race relations, the nation’s infrastructure and energy.

Meanwhile, U.S. adults are more likely to see progress (39%) than regression (23%) or steadiness (31%) on just one of the issues -- the situation for gay, lesbian and transgender people.

More Americans believe the country has stood still on two issues -- climate change and the situation for Black people -- than think it has made progress or lost ground. U.S. adults are about evenly divided on whether the U.S. has lost ground or stood still on healthcare, national defense and the military, and taxes, with relatively few seeing progress in these areas.

These findings are from a Gallup poll conducted Dec. 2-18, a month into the presidential transition after Biden’s vice president, Kamala Harris, lost the election to Donald Trump.

Democrats Offer Much More Positive Evaluation Than Republicans in All Areas

Democrats, including independents who lean toward the Democratic Party, have net-positive views of the changes that have occurred over the past four years on 14 of the 18 issues. However, these partisans’ positive evaluations are wide-ranging, from +51 for energy to +13 for the situation with Black people. The other issues on which Democrats have seen improvement during Biden’s presidency are the nation’s infrastructure, trade relations with other countries, the economy, the situation for LGBTQ+ people, national defense and the military, the United States’ position in the world, terrorism, crime, climate change, healthcare, education, and race relations.

Under Biden, Democrats think the nation has lost more ground than it has gained on the federal debt and the gap between the wealthy and less well-off. On taxes, Democrats are divided over whether the nation has made progress or lost ground, with a majority (63%) believing it has stood still on the issue. Democrats are also split on whether the U.S. has seen progress (30%) or lost ground (33%) on immigration.

Republicans and Republican-leaning independents perceive the country has lost ground in 17 of the 18 areas over the past four years, with their most negative views on immigration, the federal debt and the economy. The situation for gay, lesbian and transgender people is the only issue on which Republicans think there has been progress under Biden’s stewardship.

Biden Viewed Less Positively Than Predecessors on Many Issues

Gallup also measured Americans’ views of the nation’s progress at the end of Trump’s first presidential term in 2021, as well as Barack Obama’s and George W. Bush’s second terms in 2017 and 2009, respectively. Twelve of the issues measured in the December poll were likewise tracked at the end of these three presidents’ terms in office, another five were asked after Obama’s and Trump’s presidencies, and one (the nation’s infrastructure) was only measured in the latest poll. In general, Americans’ assessments of presidents’ progress on issues at the end of their term have been more negative than positive.

Democrats’ views of the progress Biden has made are generally muted compared with Republicans’ views of Trump four years ago and Democrats’ perceptions of Obama in 2017 but somewhat similar to Republicans’ perceptions of Bush in 2009.

Bottom Line

Given Biden’s relatively low job approval rating and the expectation that history will judge his presidency negatively, it follows that Americans do not think the U.S. has improved during his time in office. However, Americans’ end-of-term assessments for prior presidents have also been largely negative -- even for Obama, who left office with relatively high job approval ratings. Democrats’ generally subdued endorsement of Biden’s handling of a wide range of economic, national and international areas contribute to his unusually low net-positive ratings.

来源：非 常道