摘要：安德烈·科尔图诺夫于1979年毕业于莫斯科国立国际关系学院，1982年在苏联科学院美国与加拿大研究所完成研究生学习，获历史学博士学位。科尔图诺夫博士曾在苏联驻伦敦大使馆、华盛顿大使馆及常驻联合国代表团实习。
Malicious Distortion Must Not Obscure the Authenticity of History（恶意歪曲绝不能掩盖历史的真实性）
安德烈・科尔图诺夫 (Andrey Kortunov)
安德烈·科尔图诺夫于1979年毕业于莫斯科国立国际关系学院，1982年在苏联科学院美国与加拿大研究所完成研究生学习，获历史学博士学位。科尔图诺夫博士曾在苏联驻伦敦大使馆、华盛顿大使馆及常驻联合国代表团实习。
1982年至1995年间，科尔图诺夫博士在美国与加拿大研究所担任多个职务，包括副所长。他曾在加州大学伯克利分校等世界各地高校任教，并领导过多个致力于高等教育、社会科学与社会发展的公共组织。
自2011年至2024年，安德烈·科尔图诺夫担任俄罗斯国际事务理事会总干事兼学术总监。他是多家俄罗斯和国际组织的专家委员会、监督委员会及信托委员会成员，主要学术兴趣包括当代国际关系和俄罗斯对外政策。
Andrey Kortunov graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) in 1979 and completed his postgraduate studies at the Institute for U.S. and Canada Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1982. He holds a PhD in History. Dr Kortunov completed internships at the Soviet embassies in London and Washington, and at the Permanent Delegation of the USSR to the UN.
In 1982–1995, Dr Kortunov held various positions in the Institute for U.S. and Canada Studies, including Deputy Director. He taught at universities around the world, including the University of California, Berkeley. In addition, he led several public organizations involved in higher education, social sciences and social development.
Since 2011 till 2024, Andrey Kortunov has been the Director General and Academic Director of the Russian International Affairs Council. He is a member of expert and supervisory committees and boards of trustees of several Russian and international organizations. His academic interests include contemporary international relations and Russian foreign policy.
中国国家主席习近平应俄罗斯总统普京邀请，将于5月7日至10日访问俄罗斯，并出席纪念卫国战争胜利的庆祝活动。
历史学家即便在回顾最重要的历史事件时，也很难完全达成一致。对于第二次世界大战等重大历史事件，不同学者往往持有不同观点。随着更多档案解密以及主要战场遗址的新发掘，新的理论和假说不断涌现，激发更多讨论，并为这场人类史上最具破坏力的军事冲突提供相悖的叙事。
然而，追寻新事实与故意篡改历史之间有一道清晰的分界线。前者是对真理与理解的高尚追求，后者则是为政治目的或个人野心而歪曲过往的可耻行为。
一位诚实的学者在开展研究时，无法预知最终会发现什么；而一个不择手段的政治家在呈现伪造的历史版本时，却早已胸有成竹，知道该向受众展示怎样的画面。真相被巧妙地与谎言交织，虚构内容又融入真实事实之中，使整个故事看起来更可信和吸引人。
俄中对话：2024模型
俄罗斯国际事务理事会 (RIAC)、俄罗斯科学院中国及当代亚洲研究所、复旦大学国际问题研究院报告
二战历史歪曲最鲜明的表现之一，是如今流行的说法：纳粹德国和苏联共同对战争的爆发负有责任。
将纳粹与苏联相提并论的叙事荒谬至极，因为它完全忽视了欧洲法西斯主义的历史，以及莫斯科多次力劝伦敦、巴黎和华沙结成反法西斯联盟的努力。只有在西方发动“慕尼黑背叛”之后——即1938年德国、英国、法国和意大利签署的协定，迫使捷克斯洛伐克在未征得其同意的情况下割让领土给德国——莫斯科才决定与德国签订互不侵犯条约，以争取时间为自身防御做准备。
同样，西方主流的二战叙事越来越将这场冲突描述为一场鲜明的善恶道德之战。结果，人们越来越不愿意全面承认苏联和中国在击败纳粹德国与日本军国主义中的关键作用。
他们同样忽视了法国、意大利、捷克斯洛伐克、南斯拉夫和希腊等国共产主义领导的抵抗运动所作出的贡献。这在很大程度上源于意识形态偏见，将这些群体排除在所谓“自由英雄力量”与轴心国对抗的主流叙事之外。
相反，大多数西方国家普遍认为美国是胜利的主要力量，而其他盟友的支持则被大幅弱化。这种对二战的解读与事实无关，却恰好契合了当今流行的二元对立世界观。
另一种典型的历史扭曲，是对战争受害者的选择性描绘，往往带有明显的欧洲中心主义倾向。人们高度关注欧洲人在纳粹占领下所遭受的暴行，或欧洲人在亚洲遭受日本侵害的遭遇，却对非欧洲人群体所承受的巨大苦难鲜少提及。
每一个生命都同等珍贵，所有受害者都值得同情。甚至那些在二战期间服役于德军和日军的人，也不应被一概视为罪犯；集体罪责不能替代针对确凿战争罪行的个人责任原则。
然而，当代西方话语往往忽略这样一个事实：苏联和中国在二战中付出了最沉重的人命代价，分别损失了两千七百万人和三千五百万人。这其中很大一部分是平民，而且苏联和中国领土上发生的暴行，其规模与残酷程度远远超过大多数其他战区。
当代政治不可避免地影响我们对过去的解读，因为人们往往寻求与自身信念和议程相符合的历史叙事。但对待历史应秉持诚信，而非将其作为证明当下政治立场的工具。这并非为了维护民族自豪，也非为了保留令人慰藉的神话；每个国家无论大小或贫富，都在历史长河中既有光辉时刻，也有遗憾篇章。平衡的民族叙事应当兼容胜利与失败。
然而，当历史被有意操纵以服务于短期政治利益时，我们的现实认知就会被模糊，对未来的展望也将遭到破坏。这种刻意歪曲不仅是智识上的不诚实，更可能酿成严重后果。
首次发表于央视国际。
Chinese President Xi Jinping will visit Russia from May 7 to 10 at the invitation of President Vladimir Putin and will attend the celebrations marking Great Patriotic War Victory.
Historians seldom completely agree with one another even on some of the most important events of the past. There are different views on various historical events such as World War II (WWII). With new documents being declassified and new excavations at the sites of the main battles, we are likely to see new theories and hypotheses emerging that will feed more discussions and offer contrarian narratives of the most devastating military conflict in the history of humanity.
However, there is a clear red line between looking for new facts and deliberately trying to falsify history. The former is a noble quest for truth and understanding, while the latter is a deplorable attempt to revise past events in favor of political goals or personal ambitions.
An honest scholar entering a research project cannot be completely sure what will be found at the end of the road; an unscrupulous politician presenting a falsified version of history knows perfectly well what picture to present to the target audience. Truth is skillfully mixed with lies, while fabrications are dissolved in real facts to make the picture more credible and attractive.
Russian-Chinese Dialogue: The 2024 Model. RIAC, Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Institute of International Studies at Fudan University Report
The most graphic manifestation of the WWII falsifications is the now very popular assertion that Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union were jointly responsible for the beginning of the war.
The narrative equating Nazis and Soviets is nonsensical because it completely ignores the history of fascism in Europe and repeated attempts by Moscow to convince London, Paris and Warsaw to form an alliance against it. Only after the "Munich Betrayal" by the West, the 1938 pact among Germany, the United Kingdom, France and Italy that forced Czechoslovakia to cede territory to Germany without Czechoslovakian consent, did Moscow decide to go for a non-aggression treaty with Germany to buy itself time before invasion.
Likewise, the dominant Western narrative of WWII increasingly frames the conflict as a stark moral battle between good and evil. As a result, there is a growing reluctance to fully acknowledge the pivotal roles that Russia and China played in the defeat of Nazi Germany and militarist Japan.
Neither do they recognize the contributions of communist-led resistance movements in countries like France, Italy, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Greece. This is largely due to ideological biases that exclude these groups from the dominant narrative of "heroic liberal forces" in the fight against the Axis nations, the coalition led by Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Instead, the predominant view in most Western countries credits the U.S. as the primary force behind victory, along with limited support from other allies. This reading of WWII has nothing to do with reality, but it nicely fits the now popular Manichean interpretation of world politics.
Another typical distortion of history is the selective portrayal of the victims of the war, often shaped by a distinctly Eurocentric perspective. Much attention is given to the atrocities endured by Europeans under Nazi occupation or by Europeans in Asia at the hands of the Japanese, while the immense suffering of non-European populations frequently receives far less recognition.
Every human life is of equal value, and all victims deserve empathy. Even those who served in the German and Japanese armed forces during WWII should not be indiscriminately labeled as criminals; the notion of "collective guilt" must not override the principle of individual responsibility for verifiable war crimes.
However, it is often overlooked in contemporary Western discourse that the Soviet Union and China suffered the heaviest human cost of WWII—with casualties reaching 27 million and 35 million, respectively. A significant portion of these losses were civilians, and the scale and brutality of wartime atrocities committed on Soviet and Chinese territories far exceeded those experienced in most other regions.
Contemporary politics inevitably shapes how we interpret the past, as people often seek historical narratives that align with their present-day beliefs and agendas. Yet history should be approached with integrity, not as a tool to justify current political positions. This is not about defending national pride or preserving comforting myths; every nation, regardless of size or wealth, carries both moments of honor and episodes of regret in its historical journey. A balanced national narrative includes both triumphs and failures.
But when history is deliberately manipulated to serve short-term political interests, we risk blurring our understanding of the present and undermining our vision for the future. Such willful distortion is not only intellectually dishonest but could also lead to grave consequences.
First published in the CGTN.
来源：非 常道