英语中为什么会有独立主格结构?底层逻辑是什么?都有哪些情况?

摘要:英语中出现独立主格结构主要是为了在句子中表达伴随状况、时间、原因等复杂的逻辑关系,同时又不想使用从句,让句子结构更加灵活。其底层逻辑是通过带有自己逻辑主语的非谓语动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语等结构来表示一种相对独立于主句,但又与之有逻辑关联的成分。

英语中出现独立主格结构主要是为了在句子中表达伴随状况、时间、原因等复杂的逻辑关系,同时又不想使用从句,让句子结构更加灵活。其底层逻辑是通过带有自己逻辑主语的非谓语动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语等结构来表示一种相对独立于主句,但又与之有逻辑关联的成分。

独立主格结构的情况及例子

- 名词/代词 + 非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)

- 不定式

- Her work to be done, she left the office.(她的工作有待完成,就离开了办公室。)

- The meeting to be held tomorrow, we need to make full preparations.(明天要开的会议,我们需要做好充分准备。)

- The exam to take next week, he began to study hard.(下周要考试,他开始努力学习。)

- The book to write, he bought a lot of reference materials.(要写一本书,他买了许多参考资料。)

- The project to complete, the team worked overtime.(项目要完成,团队加班工作。)

- The house to build, they saved a lot of money.(要盖房子,他们存了很多钱。)

- 现在分词

- Weather permitting, we will have a picnic tomorrow.(天气允许的话,我们明天去野餐。)

- The boy running on the playground, his mother watched him.(男孩在操场上跑步,他的妈妈看着他。)

- The sun shining brightly, we went for a walk.(阳光灿烂,我们去散步了。)

- The dog barking loudly, it woke up the whole neighborhood.(狗大声叫着,吵醒了整个街坊。)

- Leaves falling from the trees, autumn has come.(树叶从树上落下,秋天已经来临。)

- The machine working well, the workers were happy.(机器运转良好,工人们很高兴。

- 过去分词

- The job finished, he went home.(工作完成后,他回家了。)

- Her heart broken, she left the cruel man.(她心碎了,离开了那个残忍的男人。)

- The building destroyed in the fire, they had to find a new place.(建筑物在火灾中被毁,他们不得不找个新地方。)

- The letter written, she put it into the envelope.(信写好后,她把它装进信封。)

- The window broken, the cold wind blew in.(窗户破了,冷风灌了进来。)

- His leg injured, he couldn't play football.(他的腿受伤了,不能踢足球了。)

- 名词/代词 + 形容词

- Her face red with anger, she shouted at him.(她气得满脸通红,对他大喊大叫。)

- The boy sleepy, his mother sent him to bed.(男孩很困,他妈妈把他送上床。)

- The sky blue and clear, we could see the mountains in the distance.(天空湛蓝清澈,我们能看到远处的山峦。)

- The room dark, I couldn't find my keys.(房间很黑,我找不到我的钥匙。)

- The grass green, it looked like a beautiful carpet.(草是绿色的,看起来像一块漂亮的地毯。)

- The girl shy, she didn't say a word.(女孩很害羞,一句话也没说。)

- 名词/代词 + 副词

- The game over, the players went back to the dressing room.(比赛结束后,运动员们回到更衣室。)

- The lights out, we had to use candles.(灯灭了,我们不得不使用蜡烛。)

- The meeting over, everyone left the conference room.(会议结束后,每个人都离开了会议室。)

- The party over, they began to clean up.(聚会结束后,他们开始打扫。)

- The storm over, the sun came out.(暴风雨结束后,太阳出来了。)

- The performance over, the audience gave a big round of applause.(演出结束后,观众热烈鼓掌。)

- 名词/代词 + 介词短语

- A book in his hand, the teacher came into the classroom.(老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。)

- The boy with a cap on his head, is my brother.(头上戴着帽子的男孩是我的兄弟。)

- The cat under the table, it was sleeping.(猫在桌子下面,它在睡觉。)

- The woman with a baby in her arms, was waiting for the bus.(怀里抱着婴儿的妇女在等公共汽车。)

- The bird in the cage, it looked unhappy.(笼子里的鸟,它看上去不开心。)

- The man with a suitcase in his hand, was in a hurry.(手里拿着手提箱的男人,很匆忙。)

来源:大明哥杂谈

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