摘要：四环素修饰酶（TetX） 是一种分子量为43.7 kDa（388个氨基酸）的NADP依赖性氧化还原酶，该酶能羟化多种四环素类底物，生成不稳定的化合物并引发非酶促分解过程。TetX的出现和传播 阻碍了细菌疾病的治疗。

里默氏杆菌对蛋鸡不同抗生素的耐药性

四环素修饰酶（TetX） 是一种分子量为43.7 kDa（388个氨基酸）的NADP依赖性氧化还原酶，该酶能羟化多种四环素类底物，生成不稳定的化合物并引发非酶促分解过程。TetX的出现和传播 阻碍了细菌疾病的治疗。

TetX可降解以下化合物：金霉素、地美环素、多西环素、米诺环素、土霉素、四环素和替加环素。

四环素耐药基因的检测率为95.9%

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里默氏杆菌对肉鸡不同抗生素的耐药性

三种RA分离株对3种抗生素表现出明显的敏感性，即头孢噻呋、磺胺甲恶唑-甲氧苄啶和阿莫西林。（注意并不适合所有的地区和养殖场）

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The Gram-negative bacterium Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) is known to cause clinical disease with severe economic impacts primarily in ducks and less frequently in geese and turkeys. RA was isolated and identified in broiler chickens, from a clinical case in a commercial broiler farm located in the southwest mainland of Greece. The morbidity and the mortality in the broiler house were estimated at 10% and 5% respectively. The observed clinical signs appeared at the age of 30 to 42 days with respiratory distress (dyspnea), white fluid feces and stunting. Post-mortem examinations displayed serositis, pericarditis, perihepatitis and airsacculitis. Edematous swelling around the tibio-tarsal joints was observed in some birds. Tissue samples from lesions were streaked on selective media. Three bacterial isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Moreover, an antibiogram analysis was performed for the three RA strains, using a pattern of 16 common antibiotics to advocate the most effective drugs for a proper treatment. All the RA isolates were sensitive to ceftiofur, sulphamethoxazole–trimethoprim and amoxicillin, whereas all were resistant to gentamicin, tylosin, tetracyclin, colistin sulphate, spectinomycin, lincomycin and oxytetracycline.

Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) is the aetiologic agent for a serious contagious bacterial disease of the avian species that causes substantial economic losses in commercially important poultry worldwide 。

RA is a Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore forming and rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the family Flavobacteriaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes . The disease occurs worldwide as an acute or chronic septicemia and has been recognized as a prominent problem in countries that have intensive duck production。

Outbreaks of RA have been reported for domestic ducks and turkeys, the first ones resulting in a high mortality rate of up to 75% and a morbidity that is usually as high as 100% [1,4,5,6]. Furthermore, within the wild birds, some cases of the disease have also been mentioned [7,8]. In general, affected birds have displayed clinical symptoms such as ocular and nasal discharges, mild coughing and sneezing, tremors of the head and neck, joints’ inflammation causing a paddling movement of the legs. Post-mortem lesions were commonly characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, pericarditis, perihepatitis, airsacculitis and in chronic cases by salpingitis and meningitis

来源：鸡保姆