摘要：在定语从句中，关系代词“that”必须充当从句中的某个语法成分，且“作状语”属于语法成分的范畴，但“that”本身不能引导状语成分。‌

在定语从句中，关系代词“that”必须充当从句中的某个语法成分，且“作状语”属于语法成分的范畴，但“that”本身不能引导状语成分。‌

‌一、定语从句的核心规则：关系代词必须作成分‌

所有关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose）在定语从句中都必须充当以下任一成分：‌

成分类型‌ 例句 从句结构分析

主语‌ The dog ‌that barked‌ is mine. that → 从句主语 (__ barked)

宾语‌ The book ‌that I read‌ is yours. that → 从句宾语 (I read __)

表语‌ He is not the man ‌that he was‌. that → 从句表语 (he was __)

宾语补足语‌ I’m not the fool ‌that you think me‌. that → 宾语补足语 (you think me __)

“that”在定语从句中必须承担实质语法角色‌，否则句子错误：

❌ The school ‌that‌ he studies.（从句缺成分→ study后缺介词或宾语）

✅ The school ‌that‌ he attends.（that作宾语）

✅ The school ‌where‌ he studies.（where作状语）

“状语”是成分，但“that”不能引导状语‌

状语（时间/地点/原因/方式等）‌是句子成分‌，但关系代词“that”‌没有引导状语的功能‌。

试对比‌：

需要表达的语义 正确引导词 错误用法

地点状语‌ where / in which ❌ that

时间状语‌ when / at which ❌ that

原因状语‌ why / for which ❌ that

方式状语‌ how / in which ❌ that

“that”本质是‌代词性关系词‌，只能替代‌名词性成分‌（主语/宾语等），而状语是‌修饰性成分‌，需用‌关系副词（where/when/why）或“介词+which”‌ 引导。

当定语从句需要状语时，必须换用其他引导词：

1. 关系副词（=介词+which）‌

语义‌ ‌关系副词‌ ‌“介词+which”‌ 例句

地点 ‌where‌ in/at which The house ‌{where / in which} he lives‌ is old.

时间 ‌when‌ at/on which The day ‌{when / on which} we met‌ was rainy.

原因 ‌why‌ for which The reason ‌{why / for which} he left‌ is unknown.

2. “介词+which”表其他状语‌

状语类型 结构 例句

方式 in which That’s the way ‌in which he speaks‌.

工具 with which He bought the knife ‌with which he cut it‌.

“that”的例外：强行作状语的假象‌

少数结构中“that”看似引导状语，实为‌固定搭配省略介词‌，属于特例：

The way (that)‌

The way ‌that‌ he did it = The way ‌in which‌ he did it

本质：‌that‌ 替代省略的 ‌in which‌（口语中way后的in which常省）

时间名词+that‌（非正式口语）

I remember the day ‌that‌ we met.

= I remember the day ‌when‌ we met.

注意：正式写作中仍优先用‌when‌

判断“that”是否合法：‌删除引导词后，从句是否残缺？‌

定语从句‌（that必须作成分）：

The book ‌that‌ he read __ → 删除that后：he read ❌（缺宾语）

→ ‌that合法（作宾语）‌

The school ‌that‌ he studies __ → 删除that后：he studies ✅（完整句）

→ ‌that非法（从句无残缺，证明that未作成分）‌。

来源：小静课堂