慧学（5）：粗读《Unit 2 How to Write about Methods》

摘要：在第一节中，文章叙述的是关于方法部分的结构和内容。作者指出方法部分的结构和内容比引言部分更为灵活，因为方法要反映研究所涉及的不同活动和实验，同时方法本身在不同的期刊中的称呼也可能不同。但不管是在任何期刊，方法都需要保留其主要功能：要包含足够的详细信息，以保证其

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一、思维导图（Mind Mapping）

二、内容概述（Content Summary）

在第一节中，文章叙述的是关于方法部分的结构和内容。作者指出方法部分的结构和内容比引言部分更为灵活，因为方法要反映研究所涉及的不同活动和实验，同时方法本身在不同的期刊中的称呼也可能不同。但不管是在任何期刊，方法都需要保留其主要功能：要包含足够的详细信息，以保证其他研究人员可以按照同样的方法进行研究并获得类似的结果。

In the first section, the article discusses the structure and content of the Methods section. The author points out that the structure and content of the Methods section are more flexible than those of the Introduction section. This is because the Methods section needs to reflect the diverse activities and experiments involved in the research, and moreover, the terminology used to refer to this section may vary across different journals. However, regardless of the journal, the Methods section must retain its primary function: it should include sufficient detailed information to enable other researchers to replicate the study using the same methods and achieve similar results.

在第二节中，作者讲述了如何建立模型。在文章中，作者首先指出，想要编写有效的方法，不仅要详细说明研究期间的问题，还要让读者明晰有关于方法的信息。本节从方法部分开头的写法；方法部分通常写什么，按什么顺序；方法部分的结尾的写法三个方面来讲述方法部分如何构建和使用模型。同时也提供了相关练习，第一个训练是如何建立一个简单的模型，第二个训练是怎样介绍方法，第三个训练是怎样构建方法模型，来让我们更好地掌握。

In Section Two, the author elaborates on the process of establishing a model within the Methods section of a research paper. The discussion is structured around three pivotal aspects: initiating the Methods section with clarity, delineating its typical content and the logical sequence in which it should be presented, and concluding it in a manner that effectively summarizes the methodologies employed. To facilitate better comprehension and application, the author includes three practical exercises. These exercises involve building a simple model to grasp the basics, introducing methodologies in a clear and structured way, and constructing a comprehensive methodological model that integrates various elements of the research approach. Through these exercises, readers can enhance their ability to craft a well-organized and informative Methods section.

在第三节中，作者主要阐述怎样测试和调整模型，第一部分是关于模型的演示，并展示了方法部分的案例。第二部分是关于识别模型组件的两组题目以供读者练习。

In Section Three, the author outlines how to test and refine models. The first part involves model demonstration with Methods section case examples, offering practical insights. The second part includes two sets of exercises for readers to practice identifying model components, aiding in mastering model testing and adjustment.

在第四节中，作者提供了在方法写作过程中有用的单词和短语。第一部分与引言中单词和短语进行了对比，第二部分给出了方法部分的单词和短语的八张表格，在每个表格下，有示例在句子中如何使用单词和短语，可以让读者参考。第一张表是在提到提供所使用的材料、样品、设备的来源时使用的。第二张表是在提供必需的背景信息或描述可能需要使用的材料、样品、设备时使用的，可以详细说明研究中使用或构造的仪器，描述照片或图表，以便读者理解。第三张表是关于提供材料和方法的特定、精确细节时使用的。第四章表是关于序列语言。第五张表是解释自己的研究为什么选择这个方法或程序时使用。第六张表是在描述研究时可以使用的副词和形容词。第七章表是在与其他研究中的材料、方法进行比较、参考时使用的。第八张表是用来指出问题发生在哪里。

In Section Four, the author offers helpful vocabulary and phrases for writing the Methods section. The first part contrasts these with those used in the Introduction. The second part presents eight tables of vocabulary and phrases specific to the Methods section. Each table includes examples demonstrating how to use the words and phrases in sentences, providing readers with practical references. The first table is for mentioning sources of materials, samples, or equipment used. The second table is for providing necessary background information or describing materials, samples, or equipment that might be used, including details on instruments utilized or constructed in the study, and describing photos or diagrams to aid reader comprehension. The third table is for offering specific, precise details about materials and methods. The fourth table focuses on sequencing language. The fifth table is for explaining why a particular method or procedure was chosen for the research. The sixth table lists adverbs and adjectives that can be used when describing the study. The seventh table is for comparing or referencing materials and methods from other studies. The eighth table is for indicating where problems occurred.

第五节是语言和写作技巧，在这一节里作者介绍了方法中很重要的三个语言领域的部分，第一个部分是动词的时态和主被动的选择，第二个领域是介词的使用，第三个领域是什么时候使用a、an和the。在第一个领域中，作者指出在编写方法部分之前，要先查看在出处中使用了什么样的时态和主被动，尽管动词的主动形式在研究中很常见，但某些时候需要使用被动来表达。第二个部分中，作者提出介词的对其含义有影响，因为有些动词完全取决于其有含义的介词。第三个部分中主要介绍了什么时候使用a、an、the，首先，我们要清楚哪些名词是可计数的，再次我们要根据规则来选择使用哪一个。这在复杂的研究中非常重要，这是向读者传达自己所想表达东西时所不可忽略的细节。

Section Five focuses on language and writing skills crucial for the Methods section. The author delves into three key linguistic areas. The first area concerns verb tense and the choice between active and passive voice. The author advises checking the tenses and voice used in cited sources before writing the Methods section. While the active voice is common in research writing, the passive voice is sometimes necessary. The second area highlights the importance of prepositions, as their use can significantly alter the meaning of verbs, with some verbs relying entirely on specific prepositions for their intended sense. The third area addresses the usage of articles "a," "an," and "the." The author emphasizes the need to distinguish between countable and uncountable nouns and to follow grammatical rules for article selection. These details are vital in complex research to accurately convey the intended meaning to readers.

在第六节中，作者总结了编写方法的全部内容，介绍了方法部分的通用模型、语言、写作技巧以及词汇。同时也给出了用于练习的题目及答案，让读者学习如何描述自己的研究的内容。

In Section Six, the author summarizes key elements for writing the Methods section, including its structure, language, writing techniques, and vocabulary. Practice exercises with answers are also provided to help readers learn to describe their research effectively.