为什么干扰羽化后，蚊子能在水里呼吸？

摘要：蚊子本就可以从水中获取溶解氧。看起来，这是通过体壁扩散进行的。蛹里的蚊子，无论发育到什么阶段（包括题述的“已经是成虫”），都能继续通过扩散获得溶解氧，只是在蛹壳里扩散的效果会比幼虫差。

蚊子本就可以从水中获取溶解氧。看起来，这是通过体壁扩散进行的。蛹里的蚊子，无论发育到什么阶段（包括题述的“已经是成虫”），都能继续通过扩散获得溶解氧，只是在蛹壳里扩散的效果会比幼虫差。

可以参考相关论文：

Alvarez-Costa, A., Leonardi, M. S., Giraud, S., Schilman, P. E., & Lazzari, C. R. (2024). Challenging Popular Belief, Mosquito Larvae Breathe Underwater. Insects, 15(2), 99. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15020099

摘要：

Immature mosquitoes are thought to breathe only atmospheric air through their siphons despite reports of prolonged submerged survival. We studied the survival of last-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti fully submerged at different temperatures and measured the oxygen consumption from air and water-dissolved larvae and pupae of this species under different conditions. Larvae survived much longer than expected, reaching 50% mortality only after 58, 10, and 5 days at 15°, 25°, and 35 °C, respectively. Larval to pupa molt was only observed in larvae with access to air, whereas individuals kept submerged never molted. Although most of the oxygen was obtained from the air, larvae obtained 12.72% of their oxygen from the water, while pupae took only 5.32%. In both media, temperature affected the respiration rate of the larvae, with relatively close Q10 values (1.56 and 1.83 for water and air, respectively). A similar pattern of O2 consumption was observed in Ae. albopictus, whose larvae obtained 12.14% of their oxygen from the water. The detailed quantification of oxygen consumption by mosquito larvae showed that water-dissolved oxygen is not negligible and physiologically relevant, challenging the idea that mosquito larvae only breathe atmospheric oxygen.

译文，有删改：

人们普遍认为未成熟的蚊子只通过气管呼吸空气，尽管有报道称蚊子幼虫能在完全浸没的条件下存活很长时间。我们研究了埃及伊蚊末龄幼虫在不同温度下完全浸没时的存活情况，并测量了在不同条件下该物种的幼虫和蛹从空气和水获取的氧气。幼虫的存活时间远超预期，在 15 摄氏度、25 摄氏度和 35 摄氏度下分别存活了 58 天、10 天和 5 天才达到 50% 的死亡率。仅在能接触空气的幼虫中观察到幼虫到蛹的蜕变现象，一直被水浸没的个体从未蜕变。尽管消耗的大部分氧气来自空气，但幼虫有 12.72% 的氧气来自水中，蛹则有 5.32%. 在两种介质中，温度都影响了幼虫的呼吸速率，其 Q10 值（反映温度敏感性）相对接近（水为 1.56，空气为 1.83）。白纹伊蚊也表现出类似的氧气消耗模式，其幼虫从水获取 12.14% 的氧气。蚊子幼虫耗氧量的详细量化表明，蚊子从水获取的溶解氧不可忽视且具有生理学相关性，这挑战了蚊幼虫只呼吸空气中氧气的观点。