摘要：It's also not really cool to leave a bunch of coins, especially pennies, so if you're tipping with cash, round up and use dollar b

Hi there. I'm Jennifer from English with Jennifer. Learning a language is more than grammar and vocabulary. It's also about learning to navigate social customs.

大家好。我是詹尼弗。学习一门语言不仅仅是学习语法和词汇，还包括学习适应社会习俗。

Here are six things you need to know if you're new to the US or planning to visit.

如果您刚到美国或计划访美，以下六件事您需要了解。

Number one. Leave a tip. The tipping culture is getting a bit out of control here, but you can't avoid it.

第一，给小费。这里的小费文化有点失控了，但您无法避免。

Tipping for most services is expected ,especially in a restaurant, where we pay 15 to 20%.

大多数服务都需要给小费，尤其是在餐厅，我们通常会给15%到20%的小费。

It's also not really cool to leave a bunch of coins, especially pennies, so if you're tipping with cash, round up and use dollar bills.

留下一堆硬币，尤其是一分钱硬币，也不太礼貌，所以如果您用现金给小费，请凑整成美元纸币。

I'd say 20% is the new norm at restaurants. With fast food, you don't need to tip.

我认为20%是餐厅的新常态。快餐则不需要给小费。

If you're ordering for pickup or takeout, it's up to you. Was the food ready on time?

如果您点外卖或外带，则由您自己决定。食物是否按时准备好？

Did they pack it nicely? Did they forget anything? 15% is fine. At a cafe, where you might order coffee or baked goods, you're invited to tip.

他们打包得好吗？他们是否忘记了什么？15%就可以了。在咖啡馆，你可能会点咖啡或烘焙食品，这时会有人邀请你给小费。

Not everyone does because you're not being served at a table, but if you're making very specific requests, you should leave something.

不是每个人都会给，因为你不是在餐桌上用餐，但如果你提出非常具体的要求，应该留点小费。

How about a dollar for a specially made coffee? I try to thank my hair stylist by tipping 25% because I've been going to her for years.

一杯特制咖啡，一美元小费怎么样？我试着给发型师25%的小费以示感谢，因为我多年来一直找她做头发。

Otherwise, 20% is already generous for a hair stylist or barber. Let's talk about traveling within the US.

否则，对于发型师或理发师来说，20%小费已经很大方了。我们来谈谈在美国境内旅行的情况。

If I take a shuttle to the airport, I tip the driver $1 to $2, especially if he helps me with my heavy suitcase. At a hotel, I'll tip house cleaning a few dollars a day.

如果我乘坐班车去机场，我会给司机1到2美元的小费，尤其是他帮我搬沉重的行李箱的时候。在酒店，我每天会给清洁工几美元的小费。

There's a lot to know about the tipping culture in America, but that should be enough to get you started. You'll figure out the rest as you spend time here and observe practices.

关于美国的小费文化，有很多需要了解的地方，但这应该足够你开始了解了。剩下的，等你在这里待一段时间，观察一下当地习俗，你就会明白的。

Tip number two. Use first names. In everyday situations here in the US, calling people by their first names is acceptable.

第二个建议：称呼对方的名字。在美国，日常生活中可以直呼他人的名字。

At a doctor's office, at a job interview, or with my neighbors, I'd expect to be addressed by my first name: Jennifer.

在诊所、工作面试或与邻居相处时，我希望对方能直呼我的名字Jennifer。

Titles of courtesy like "Ms. Lebedev" are rarely used, even in business email. "Hello, Jennifer" is already polite.

像“Ms. Lebedev”这样的礼貌称呼很少使用，即使在商务邮件中也是如此。“Hello， Jennifer”已经很礼貌了。

And while you don't want to seem overly formal, you also don't want to come across as being too familiar.

虽然你不想显得过于正式，但也不想显得太过亲近。

Often there are nicknames for common names, like Rob or Bob for Robert. But here's a rule of thumb.

常用名通常会有昵称，比如用Rob或Bob代替Robert。但这里有一个经验法则：

Don't use a nickname unless the person invites you to or if that's the name they use on all their social media accounts.

除非对方邀请你使用昵称，或者对方在所有社交媒体账户上都使用昵称，否则不要使用昵称。

So, if you have a new colleague and she signs her name Elizabeth, don't call her Liz or Beth unless she asks you to.

如果有一位新同事，她签名时用的是Elizabeth，除非她要求你叫她Liz或Beth，否则不要称呼昵称。

Tip number three. Become comfortable with chitchat. Americans are generally friendly, and making small talk happens in many public places.

第三条建议：习惯于闲聊。美国人通常很友好，在很多公共场合都会闲聊。

I do this quite a lot in stores when I interact with salespeople. Sometimes it's a quick exchange of comments or observations.

我在商店与销售人员互动时经常会闲聊。有时只是简短交换一下意见。

It's less common in the waiting area of a doctor's office, where privacy is respected, But in grocery stores, chitchat with complete strangers happens while we're making our selections or while we're waiting in the checkout line.

在尊重隐私的诊所候诊区，这种情况不太常见。但在杂货店，我们挑选商品或在收银台排队等候时，可能会和陌生人闲聊。

We can talk about the crowd, the weather, someone's cute kid… Or dog for that matter. Yes, sometimes you'll see dogs out shopping with their owners.

我们可以谈论人群、天气、某人可爱的孩子……或者狗狗。是的，有时你会看到狗狗和主人一起出去购物。

Tip number four. Know the difference between service animals and pets. People with various disabilities are visible and functional within American society.

建议四：了解服务性动物和宠物的区别。在美国社会中，各种残疾人士随处可见，并且能够正常生活。

Some people depend on service animals. They're usually identified by a special vest or harness.

有些人依赖服务性动物。它们通常穿着特殊的背心或挽具来识别身份。

Even if you love dogs and have a special way with them, you shouldn't try to approach such an animal because it's there to take care of the owner's needs.

即使你喜欢狗，并且对它们有特殊的照顾方式，你也不应该试图接近它们，因为它们的存在是为了满足主人的需求。

As for a companion dog, ask for permission first if you want to approach it or pet it.

至于伴侣犬，如果你想接近或抚摸它，一定要先征得它的同意。

Tip number five. It's okay to have strangers take your photo. In tourist areas, Americans might offer to take your photo or they might ask you to take theirs.

建议五：让陌生人给你拍照没问题。在旅游区，美国人可能会主动帮你拍照，或者他们可能会请你帮他们拍照。

I've never had anyone steal or drop my phone. It's okay to do this. You might take a couple of shots and then ask the people to check and see if they're happy.

我的手机从来没被人偷过或掉过。这样做没问题。你可以拍几张，然后请他们看看是否满意。

You can say, "Why don't you check and see if they're okay?" By the way, you can also ask a server at a restaurant to take a group photo for you. Just remember to leave a tip.

你可以说："Why don't you check and see if they're okay？"顺便说一句，你也可以请餐厅服务员帮你拍一张合影。记得给点小费。

And the final tip -- number six. Open a present when you receive it and show that you appreciate it.

最后一条建议——第六条：收到礼物后请打开，并表达感激之情。

Here in the US, if someone wants to give you a present, I don't suggest immediately grabbing it and tearing into it, but the person probably wants you to open it then and there.

在美国，如果有人想送你礼物，我不建议你立刻抢过来撕开，但对方可能希望你当场打开。

You can ask, "Can I open it?" They'll probably say, "Of course" or "Please do." The only exception is if someone is giving you a present in advance, for example, before Christmas or before your birthday, because they won't see you on the actual day.

你可以问：“我可以打开吗？”他们可能会说“当然可以”或“请便”。唯一的例外是，如果有人提前给你礼物，比如圣诞节前或生日前，因为他们在生日当天不会见到你。

Then you can ask, "Should I wait?" And you don't have to be super careful when you open a present. It's okay to tear the wrapping paper.

那么你可以问："Should I wait？"打开礼物时不必特别小心。撕开包装纸也没关系。

Just be sure to smile and say thank you. You can pay some kind of compliment like, "Oh wow. I love it" or "I really need this." At American birthday parties and baby showers, there's usually a time when everyone sits down and all the guests ooh and ahh as the person of honor opens up each gift in turn.

只要记得微笑并说声谢谢就行。你可以说一些赞美的话，比如“哇哦。我很喜欢这个”或“我真的需要这个”。在美国的生日派对和迎婴派对上，通常会有这样一个环节：大家围坐在一起，当寿星或准妈妈依次打开每份礼物时，所有宾客都会发出惊叹声。

You'll be sure to get a thank-you note within a few days. That's proper etiquette after such a party.

你肯定会在几天内收到一封感谢信。在这样的派对之后，这才是应有的礼仪。

Do you think you can remember all that? Let me quiz you on the most important rules.

你觉得你能记住所有这些吗？让我来考考你最重要的一些规则。

Number one. In the US, it's common to tip 20% for services. True or false? True.

第一，在美国，通常给20%的服务费。对还是错？对。

15 to 20% is still the norm, but 20% has become more popular, especially in restaurants.

15%到20%仍然是常态，但20%现在越来越流行，尤其是在餐馆。

Number two. Using a person's nickname is always the best way to be friendly. True or false? False.

第二，使用昵称永远是表达友好的最佳方式。对还是错？错。

Use a nickname only if someone invites you to or if that's how they identify themselves on social media and an all written correspondence.

只有当有人邀请你，或者他们在社交媒体和所有书面信函上都用昵称来表明身份时，才使用昵称。

Three. Making small talk with complete strangers is acceptable in the US. True or false? True. In public places, chitchat and casual comments are normal among strangers.

第三，在美国，和陌生人闲聊是可以接受的。对还是错？对。在公共场所，陌生人之间闲聊和随意的评论很正常。

Number four. Service animals in the US are very friendly with strangers. True or false? False. Don't try to interact with a service animal. It's on duty.

第四，在美国，服务性动物对陌生人非常友好。对吗？错。不要试图与服务性动物互动。它们在执行任务。

Five. Never ask Americans to take your photo unless you know them. True or false? False. It's fine to ask a stranger to take your photo in public, especially at a tourist spot.

第五，除非你认识美国人，否则千万不要要求他们给你拍照。对吗？错。在公共场合，尤其是在旅游景点，要求陌生人给你拍照是可以的。

Six. It's usually acceptable to open a gift as soon as you receive it. True or false? True.

第六，收到礼物后立即打开通常是可以接受的。对吗？对。

You can ask permission first, but in American culture, it's completely normal to open a gift on the spot. How did you do? We'll end here.

你可以先征求许可，但在美国文化中，当场打开礼物是完全正常的。

来源：英语东