手把手教你攻克托福长难句！专治各种看不懂！

摘要：阅读作为一项生存基本能力，在上幼儿园时我们就已经接触到了；阅读题作为一种考试基本题型，在上小学时语文考试就有了；英文阅读题，自打有英语考试开始，就陪伴着我们，度过了初中、高中、甚至大学，一直到现在的留学，都难以摆脱。

阅读作为一项生存基本能力，在上幼儿园时我们就已经接触到了；阅读题作为一种考试基本题型，在上小学时语文考试就有了；英文阅读题，自打有英语考试开始，就陪伴着我们，度过了初中、高中、甚至大学，一直到现在的留学，都难以摆脱。

说到底，阅读题作为考官惨绝人寰的杀手锏之一，已经是我们最熟悉也是最擅长应对的了。

无奈，托福阅读的文章毕竟选自美国大学本科教材或报刊杂志，外国人写的学术文章——不难才怪。

这也就导致了很多同学在备考的时候，虽然知道阅读其实是听说读写中最好拿分的，但是因为看不懂文章，所以总也提不了分。

今天，我们就从做阅读题的基础——阅读文章的句子本身出发，好好研究一下阅读长难句，为做题做好充分的准备。

不论是哪种句子，快速找到句子主干都可以帮助我们迅速判断出句子的大意，进而推断是否需要仔细去读该句，帮助锁定出题点与解题点。

那么如何能够快速找到句子主干重点呢？

我们的雷哥托福授课老师教大家一个非常简单的口诀，叫做：去修饰、找并列。

我们都知道一个句子很长，里面除了基本的主干之外，还有一些：定语、状语、同位语等修饰成分，这些修饰可能以词或短语的形式出现，也可能以从句或插入语的形式出现，不管是哪一种形式，在看句子主干时都可以自动忽略，只专注于句子主干信息。

所以去修饰的意思就是不看修饰，找并列是要看这个句子是否是并列句。

一般来说，在去掉：

• 定语：that, which(介词+which), who,…

• 状语：v+ing，when，where，if，because

等修饰成分之后，可以看一下这个句子中是否有连词：

and/or/but，not only…but also…，not…but…，no more/longer/less …than，as…as等，有的话并列双方都要看，没有的话这个句子可能就是普通的简单句：主系表、主谓宾、There be句型等。

这样通过简单的去修饰找并列，就可以大致看出一个句子的核心内容，扫读定位起来也就不难了。

我们以外文报刊杂志中选取的阅读长难句为例，提取一下重点信息（红色为句子主干，蓝色为从句等修饰）：

• The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and the most effective way, is not a new one.

• Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space.

•According to Siegel, international environmental organizations are beginning to pay closer attention to the region, partly because of the problems of erosion and pollution of the Nile delta, but principally because they fear the impact this situation could have on the whole Mediterranean coastal ecosystem.

•The field was launched, and the term"artificial intelligence" coined, at a conference in 1956, by a group of researchers that included Marvin Minsky, John MaCarthy, Herbert Simon and Alan Newell, all of whom went on to become leading figures in the field.

•In particular, the problem of information overload, exacerbated by the growth of e-mail and the explosion in the number of web pages, means there are plenty of opportunities for new technologies to help filter and categorize information—classic Al problems.

•Educating Psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which looks at radical new approaches to learning, describing the effects of emotion, imagination and the unconscious on learning.

•At the height of the Roman Empire, nine major systems,with an innovative layout of pipes and well-built sewers, supplied the occupants of Rome with as much water per person as is provided in many parts of the industrial world today.

•Nevertheless,it may be the only way to address successfully the pressing problems of providing everyone with clean water to drink, adequate water to grow food and a life free from preventable water- related illness.

•The first is to act as a "green lung" for our planet; by means of photosynthesis, forests produce oxygen through the transformation of solar energy, thus fulfilling what for humans is the essential role of an immense, non-polluting power plant.