摘要:除 ought 和 used 外,情态动词后接不带 to 的不定式,若将 ought to 和 used to 看作固定词组,那所有情态动词都遵循此规则,
高中英语情态动词讲解
一情态动词特点回顾
1. 后接不定式形式(即不带to的不定式或叫动词原形):
除 ought 和 used 外,情态动词后接不带 to 的不定式,若将 ought to 和 used to 看作固定词组,那所有情态动词都遵循此规则,
如-We used to grow beautiful roses.
-I asked if he would come and repair my television set.
2. 在谓语中的位置:情态动词在谓语中总是位居最前面,如They need not have been punished so severe.他们没必要被如此严重的惩罚。
3. 无“数”的变化:像“She dare not say what she thinks.”
4. 非限定形式情况:除 be able to 外,没有非现定形式即没有不定式、分词和动名词等非限定形式,如Not being able to help her,he felt sorry.”
5. 时态形式与时间关系:情态动词的时的形式不是时间区别的标志,现在时和过去时形式可表示现在、过去或将来时间,如“Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?”“She told him he ought not to have done it.”
6. 相互排斥性:在一个谓语结构中只能出现一个情态助动词,如“You should have one wash the wound.”
二 can ,could 和be able to的用法
1. 表示能力:“Two eyes can see more than one.”(三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮。)
2. 表示允许:“Can I have a look at your new pen?”(我能看看你的新钢笔吗?)“Could you lend me a hand?”(你能帮我一下吗?)
3. 表示惊异、怀疑、猜测(多用于否定句、疑问句):
- “Where can/could they have gone?”(他们能去哪儿了呢?)
- “He can't/couldn't be over sixty.”(他不可能超过六十岁。)
- “How can you be so careless? You can't be serious.”(你怎么能这么粗心呢?你不会是认真的吧。)
4.理论上的可能性,如This area sometimes can be very cool in summer。
这个地区在夏天有时可能很凉爽。
5.can't 除了表示不能够以外,还可以表示推测,
That girl can't be Mary, because she went home just now.
be able to 的用法
1. 表示将来能力:用“will be able to”,例如“You will be able to operate it by yourself after you have practiced the two or three times.”(你练习两三次后就能自己操作它了。)
2. 表示过去具体做某件事的能力:如“He was able to translate article without a dictionary.”(他能不用字典翻译文章。)
3. 与 can 的能力表意区别:
- can 表示一贯的能力,be able to 表示客观,具体能力和通过努力可以达到的能力,例如“The fire spread through the hotel, but everyone was able to get out.”(火势在酒店蔓延,但每个人都得以逃出来了。)“When the boat sunk, he was able to swim to the bank.”(船下沉时,他能游到岸边。)
2023 年高考真题(举例):
- 题目:I wonder if you ____ help me with my English pronunciation.(此处应填 can,表示询问是否“能够”帮忙,填 could 也可,表更客气的询问)
- 翻译:我想知道你是否能帮我纠正英语发音。
2024 年模拟题(举例):
- 题目:He ____ swim across the river when he was only ten years old.(此处填 was able to和could都可,强调当时具体具备做这件事的能力用was able to.说明一贯的能力用could)
- 翻译:他十岁的时候就能游过这条河了。
题目It was so noisy that we couldn't hear ourselves speak.
来源:Xin神英语