摘要：一切生命皆有理性。任何动物本质都是理性的。比如一头小鹿为什么会跟着狮子走，并有亲昵行为，这其实也是一种理性选择。因为在这种情况下，小鹿跑是不行的，对抗也是不行的，只有通过亲昵行为，唤起狮子的母爱，小鹿才可能有活命的机会，所以小鹿的选择其实是最优选择。再比如，蜜

宋圭武 一切存在皆有理性或背后有理性的力量在起作用

宇宙背后肯定存在一种理性的力量在支配宇宙间的万物，这种理性的力量无处不在，就如水，渗透在宇宙的一切存在中。

一切生命皆有理性。任何动物本质都是理性的。比如一头小鹿为什么会跟着狮子走，并有亲昵行为，这其实也是一种理性选择。因为在这种情况下，小鹿跑是不行的，对抗也是不行的，只有通过亲昵行为，唤起狮子的母爱，小鹿才可能有活命的机会，所以小鹿的选择其实是最优选择。再比如，蜜蜂蜂巢为什么会是很整齐的正六边形，因为这种结构满足成本最小体积最大原理，这就是一种理性。这里若把小鹿换成人，或把蜜蜂换成人，估计也是这种操作。再比如，雪豹追山羊、狼追兔子等，二者一般都是按最优的方式选择路线。这个时候就看谁最强最快必然最后胜出。另外，植物也有理性。任何植物其实都是在自己的特定躯壳里，通过与环境互动，按成本最小获益最大的方式生长。

无生命的物质有没有理性，这是一个需要进一步研究的问题。比如肥皂泡，就很奇诡，因为肥皂泡也是按表面积最小空间最大原理生成，这后面就有理性的力量。再比如，宇宙空间的许多球体星星，也很奇诡，因为球体都满足表面积最小体积最大原理，这里问题是为什么这些物质会形成为一个球体？估计背后肯定还是有一种理性的力量在起作用。

理性可分为宇宙终极理性和宇宙局部及个体有限理性。宇宙终极理性是体现无限宇宙总运动所具有的理性，宇宙局部有限理性及个体有限理性是指体现在宇宙局部一个具体存在中的理性，比如，体现在一些物质运动中的理性及一些生命中的理性等。

宇宙的终极理性可以用老子《道德经》中的“道”来表示，或者也可以用印度教所称的“梵”来表示。而每一个具体存在所具有的有限理性，可以用印度教中的“阿特曼”（Atman）来表示。在印度教中，“梵”是宇宙背后的“终极实在”，而“阿特曼”则是“梵”在每一个生命躯壳里的部分表现。“阿特曼”是不灭的，只能从一个生命躯壳转移到另一个生命躯壳。“阿特曼”每转移一次就是生命的一世。而“阿特曼”能否向上或向好的方向转移，与个人修行直接关联。我们这里用“阿特曼”表示一个具体存在所具有的理性。

每一个具体有限存在所具有的有限理性又可分两种：一种是先天理性，一种是后天理性。先天理性多体现为本能理性，后天理性与群体的互动有关。比如，在人类社会中，后天理性的产生多与教育等人与人的互动有关。本能理性可以看成是理性的一种集成，就像计算机的集成板块一样。本能理性的优点是反应时间短，反应速度快，计算成本小。而后天理性需要建立在计算的基础上，反应时间较慢，反应速度较慢，计算成本较大。人在紧急情况下，本能理性具有较大优势。但在和平情况下，从事一些慢活，比如解数学难题，就需要更多靠后天理性。

对于不同的具体有限存在，先天理性和后天理性所占比重不同。无生命的存在，没有后天理性。植物的后天理性少于动物的后天理性。人类的后天理性最发达。所以，人类也是最具创造性的动物。

Song Guiwu All existences have rationality or there is a rational force at work

There must be a rational force behind the universe governing everything in the universe. This rational force is everywhere, like water, permeating all existences in the universe. All life has rationality.Any animal is rational in nature.For example, why a deer follows a lion and has intimate behavior, this is actually a rational choice.Because in this case, running is not an option, and confrontation is not an option. Only through intimate behavior, evoking the motherly love of the lion can the deer have a chance to survive, so the deer's choice is actually the optimal choice.For another example, why bee hives are neat hexagons, because this structure meets the principle of minimum cost and maximum volume, which is a kind of rationality.If the deer is replaced by a human being, or the bee is replaced by a human being, it is estimated that this operation is the same.For another example, snow leopards chase goats, wolves chase rabbits, etc., both of them generally choose the route in the optimal way.At this time, it is to see who is strongest and fastest. In addition, plants have rationality.Any plant is actually grown in its own specific shell through interaction with the environment in a way that costs the least and benefits the most. Whether inanimate matter has reason or not is a question that needs further study.For example, soap bubbles are very strange, because soap bubbles are also generated according to the principle of minimum surfacearea and maximum space, which has the power of reason behind.For another example, many spherical stars in the universe are also very strange, because spheres meet the principle of minimum surface area and maximum volume. The question is why these substances form a sphere?It is estimated that there must be a rational force at work behind.Rationality can be divided into ultimate cosmic reason and local and individual limited reason.The ultimate cosmic reason is the reason that reflects the total movement of the infinite universe. The local and individual limited reason refers to the reason embodied in a specific existence in the universe, such as the reason embodied in the movement of some substances and the reason embodied in some lives.The ultimate cosmic reason can be expressed by the "Tao" in Lao Zi's Dao De Jing, or by the "Brahman" in Hinduism.The limited reason of each specific existence can be expressed by the "Atman" in Hinduism.In Hinduism, "Brahman" is the "ultimate reality" behind the universe, and "Atman" is the part of "Brahman" in each life form. The Atman is immortal and can only be transferred from one life form to another.Each time the Atman is transferred, it is a life.Whether the Atman can be transferred upward or to the good is directly related to the individual's cultivation.Here we use the Atman to represent the rationality of a concrete existence.The finite rationality of each concrete existence can be divided into two types: one is innate rationality, the other is acquired rationality.Innate rationality is mostly embodied in instinctive rationality, while acquired rationality is related to group interaction.For example, in human society, the generation of acquired rationality is related to the interaction between people such as education.Instinctive rationality can be seen as an integration of rationality, just like the integrated plates of a computer.The advantages of instinctive rationality are short reaction time, fast reaction speed and low computing cost.While acquired rationality needs to be built on the basis of calculation, with slower reaction time, slower reaction speed and higher computing cost.In emergency situations, instinctive rationality has a great advantage.But in peacetime, when engaging in slow activities, such as solving mathematical problems, we need to rely more on acquired rationality.For different concrete finite existences, the proportion of innate rationality and acquired rationality is different.Inanimate existences have no acquired rationality. Plants have less adaptive reason than animals.Humans have the most adaptive reason.And therefore, humans are the most creative animals.

来源：宋圭武