摘要：The primary route of transmission for mpox is through direct contact with the lesion secretions and exudates of patients, common f

01

什么是猴痘?

What is mpox?

猴痘是由猴痘病毒感染所致的一种人兽共患病。传染源包括猴痘病例及感染的啮齿类动物、猴和猿等灵长类动物。

Mpox is an infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus. The sources of infection include mpox cases,infected rodents and primates such as monkeys and apes.

02

猴痘传播方式有哪些?

What are its

transmission routes?

猴痘传播途径以直接接触患者的病变分泌物、渗出物为主，常见的直接接触方式包括性行为、家庭内密切接触、医疗护理接触等。

接触病毒污染的环境、物品也可引发感染，但传播效率较直接接触低。

世界卫生组织认为，长时间近距离吸入病例呼吸道飞沫也可感染，但是这种传播方式较少见。

The primary route of transmission for mpox is through direct contact with the lesion secretions and exudates of patients, common forms of direct contact include sexual activity, close contact within the family and medical care contact.

Contact with the environment and objects contaminated by the virus can also cause infection, but the transmission efficiency is lower than that of direct contact.

The World Health Organization believes that prolonged close inhalation of respiratory droplets can also cause infection, but this mode of transmission is rare.

03

猴痘的潜伏期有多长?

有哪些临床表现?

How long is the

incubation period?

What are the

main symptoms?

猴痘的潜伏期一般为1~21天，多为6~13天。

皮疹是猴痘最为常见的症状，出疹前可出现发热、头痛、乏力、淋巴结肿大等。皮疹多见于面部和四肢，也可出现在口腔、肛门、生殖器等部位，肛门皮疹易引起细菌感染，出现脓肿、溃疡后影响排便。对于年幼儿童、孕妇以及免疫功能低下人群等，若治疗不及时，相对容易出现重症或死亡。

The incubation period of mpox generally ranges from 1 to 21 days, most commonly 6 to 13 days.

Rash is the most common symptom of mpox, which may be preceded by fever, headache, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes. The rash is mostly seen on the face and limbs, and can also appears in the mouth, anus, genitals and other parts. Anal rash is prone to bacterial infection, leading to abscesses and ulcers that may affect bowel movements, Young children, pregnant women and people with weak immune systems, are at higher risk for severe illness and death if treatment is not timely.

04

前往猴痘流行地区要

注意哪些事项?

What should l

pay attention to

when going to

an mpox-affected area?

前往猴痘流行地区，应提前了解目的地猴痘疫情情况，做好个人防护，避免与当地野生动物接触，避免与猴痘患者或有可疑症状者密切接触:遵守国家出入境管理相关规定，配合做好出入境检疫检测。

When traveling to areas where mpox are prevalent, it is important to understand the local mpox epidemic situation at the destination, take personal protective measures, avoid contact with local wild animals, and avoid close contact with mpox patients or individuals with suspicious symptoms. comply with the national regulations on entry and exit management, and cooperate with the entry and exit quarantine inspections.

05

从猴痘流行地区回国(入境)

需要注意哪些事项?

What should l

be aware of

when returning from

anmpox-affected areas?

来自猴痘疫情发生国家(地区)的人员，如接触过猴痘患者或出现发热、头痛、背痛、肌痛、淋巴结肿大、皮疹和黏膜疹等症状，入境时应主动向海关申报，配合海关工作人员按规定程序落实医学检疫措施。

其他人员入境后应开展自我健康监测，若出现发热、皮疹、淋巴结肿大等症状要及时就医，主动告知医务人员猴痘流行地区旅居史。

Persons arriving from countries (regions) where mpox outbreaks occurs, if they have been in contact with mpox patients or have symptoms such as fever, headache, back paln, myalgla, swollen lymph nodes, rash, and mucosal lesions should proactively declare to the customs upon entry and cooperate with the customs staff in implementing medical quarantine measures according to prescribed procedures.

Other individuals should conduct self-health monitoring after entry. lf they develop symptoms such as fever, rash, or swollen lymph nodes, they should seek medical attention promptly and inform medical staff of their travel history in mpox-affected areas.

06

出现疑似猴痘症状应及时就诊

If you have suspected

mpox symptoms,

you should seek

medical attention promptly

近期到过猴痘流行地区或具有可疑接触史的人员，如出现发热、头痛、乏力、淋巴结肿大、皮疹等疑似猴痘症状，应立即前往综合医院皮肤科、发热门诊或皮肤病专科医院就诊，告知医生近期旅居史和可疑接触史。

If you have recently visited areas affected by mpox or have a history of suspected contact and are experiencing symptoms such as feve, headache, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes,a nd rash, etc., you should immediately seek medical attention at a general hospital's dermatology department, fever clinic, or a specialized dermatology hospital, and inform the doctor of your recent travel and suspected contact history.

07

如果接触了猴痘病例

应配合流调等防疫措施

If you come into

contact mpox cases,

you should cooperate

with disease

prevention measures

such as

epidemic investigation

接触猴痘病例后应当配合疾控机构的流行病学调查和采样工作，如实报告相关活动史。作为密切接触者，应当遵照要求完成自我健康监测，避免与他人发生性接触等密切接触，避免捐献血液等。

坚持每天做好体温测量和症状监测，出现发热、淋巴结肿大、皮疹等症状应及时就诊或与随访联系人联系，接受猴痘病毒核酸检测。一旦确诊猴痘，应积极配合医疗卫生机构做好疫情处置和隔离治疗。

如需离境应提前向疾控机构进行报告。

After close contact with mpox cases, you should cooperate with the epidemiological investigation and sampling conducted by local CDCs， truthfully report the relevant activity history, As close contacts, you should follow the requirements to complete self-health monitoring, avoid sexual contacts and close interactions with others, and avoid donating blood.

It is important to consistently monitor body temperature and symptoms daily. in case of fever, swollen lymph nodes, rash, or other symptoms, you should seek medical attention promptly or get in touch with the follow-up contact to receive nucleic acid testing for mpox virus. Once mpox is confirmed, it is necessary to actively cooperate with medical and health institutions to deal with the epidemic and receive treatment in isolation.

If you need to leave the country, you should report to local CDCs in advance.

08

如果拒不配合防挫措施

会有什么后果?

What are the consequences

if you refuse to

cooperate with

prevention and

control measures?

根据《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法》等规定，各级人民政府和相关部门依法组织实施防疫抗疫措施，在中国境内外国人应同样予以配合。

当事人如拒绝执行流行病学调查、采样等卫生检疫措施，或拒绝执行隔离、留验、就地诊验、转诊等卫生处理措施，将承担相应的法律责任，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

According to the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases and the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law of the People's Republic of China, governments at all levels and relevant sectors should organize and implement epidemic prevention and response measures in accordance with the law, and foreigners within the territory of china shall also cooperate.

If the parties refuse to comply with the health quarantine measures such as the epidemiological investigation and sampling, or refuse to carry out the health control measures such as quarantine,observation,on-site medical examination and diagnosis, and referral, they wlll bear corresponding legal responsibllity, and if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be pursued in accordance with law.

来源：两广大地那些事儿