摘要：一般剥削需要两个过程才能实现。一个是在生产过程中，产品生产者会受到生产资料所有者的剥削，自身的劳动价值一部分会被生产资料所有者无偿占有。对于生产过程中的剥削，马克思已经有很深入的分析。另一个是在消费过程中实现的。没有消费过程，或没有“惊险的一跳”，生产资料所有

宋圭武 在高技术时代需要高度关注消费剥削问题

什么是消费剥削，就是消费者在购买产品的过程中，受到了生产资料所有者或产品生产者对消费者劳动价值一定程度的剥削。

一般剥削需要两个过程才能实现。一个是在生产过程中，产品生产者会受到生产资料所有者的剥削，自身的劳动价值一部分会被生产资料所有者无偿占有。对于生产过程中的剥削，马克思已经有很深入的分析。另一个是在消费过程中实现的。没有消费过程，或没有“惊险的一跳”，生产资料所有者的剥削最终也实现不了。而且消费剥削不只是生产资料所有者剥削消费者，而且产品的生产者也参与了这个剥削过程。即产品的生产者既受到生产资料所有者的剥削，同时他也参与了对产品消费者的剥削。

消费剥削主要产生在高技术企业环境下。高技术企业利用技术垄断优势，制定垄断价格，通过社会大众的消费过程，实现对社会大众劳动价值的剥削。这种剥削会让高技术企业的工人比一般企业的工人工资水平更高，福利更好。

对于社会大众而言，消费高技术垄断产品，必然要付出垄断高价，这中间消费者的劳动价值中有很大一部分会被技术所有者或生产者实现了无偿占有。而且社会大众消费者，一旦购买一个高技术产品，后面会紧随一个整体的剥削框架，消费者会被这个整体的剥削框架所包围。比如，一个消费者购买高级汽车，在购买环节上，必然要受到一次消费剥削，本身几万元的成本，可能几十万元甚至上百万元销售，同时，购买后，还有保险、加油、维修等各个环节，而且每一个环节都可能存在消费剥削情况。最终这个消费者因消费高级汽车会受到一系列环节的消费剥削，并且这一系列环节的消费剥削还是一种长期行为，最终导致这个消费者成为事实上的贫困人口，或成为相对贫困人口。如此，社会越是消费高技术产品的人越多，社会相对贫困人口的数量必然越多，其中最明显的一个贫困特征是，越来越多的人抚养后代的能力下降，同时，越来越多的人也不愿生孩子。

当然，少数富人在消费高技术垄断产品时也可能会受到消费剥削，但由于少数富人占有别人劳动价值太多，所以，少数富人其承受消费剥削的能力也强，同时，也只有少数富人抚养后代能力更强，才更愿意多生孩子。

Song Guiwu : In the high-tech era, the issue of consumption exploitation needs to be highly concerned.

What is consumption exploitation? It means that during the process of purchasing products, consumers are exploited to a certain extent by the owners of the means of production or the producers of the products in terms of the labor value of the consumers. General exploitation requires two processes to be realized. One is in the production process, where product producers will be exploited by the owners of the means of production, and a part of their own labor value will be occupied by the owners of the means of production without compensation. Regarding the exploitation in the production process, Marx has conducted in-depth analysis. The other is realized in the consumption process. Without the consumption process, or without the "dangerous leap", the exploitation by the owners of the means of production ultimately cannot be achieved. Moreover, consumption exploitation involves not only the exploitation of consumers by the owners of the means of production but also the participation of product producers in this exploitation process. That is, product producers are both exploited by the owners of the means of production and at the same time, they also participate in the exploitation of product consumers. Consumption exploitation mainly occurs in the environment of high-tech enterprises. High-tech enterprises take advantage of their technological monopoly to set monopoly prices and realize the exploitation of the labor value of the general public through the consumption process of the society. This kind of exploitation leads to higher wages and better benefits for workers in high-tech enterprises compared to those in ordinary enterprises. For the general public, when consuming high-tech monopoly products, they inevitably have to pay monopoly high prices. In this process, a large part of the labor value of consumers is realized as being occupied without compensation by the technology owners or producers. Moreover, once the general public consumers purchase a high-tech product, they will subsequently be surrounded by an overall exploitation framework. For example, when a consumer buys a luxury car, in the purchasing link, they will inevitably be subject to consumption exploitation once. The cost itself may be several tens of thousands of yuan, but it may be sold for several hundred thousand or even millions of yuan. At the same time, after the purchase, there are various links such as insurance, refueling, and maintenance, and each link may have a situation of consumption exploitation. Eventually, this consumer will be subject to a series of consumption exploitations due to the consumption of the luxury car, and this series of consumption exploitations is also a long-term behavior, ultimately causing this consumer to become a de facto poor person or a relatively poor person. Thus, the more people in society consume high-tech products, the more the number of relatively poor people in society will inevitably increase. One of the most obvious poverty characteristics is that an increasing number of people have a decreased ability to raise offspring, and at the same time, an increasing number of people are also reluctant to have children. Of course, a few rich people may also be subject to consumption exploitation when consuming high-tech monopoly products. However, because a few rich people occupy too much of others' labor value, the ability of a few rich people to withstand consumption exploitation is also strong. At the same time, only when a few rich people have a stronger ability to raise offspring are they more willing to have more children.

来源：宋圭武