CNN- 海底电缆如何支撑全球通信

摘要：I'm Coy Wire, great to be back here with you, kicking off another week of learning and some fun.

What's up, Sunshine?

阳光，最近怎么样？

Welcome to CNN 10, the best 10 minutes in news, thanks to you.

欢迎收看CNN 10，感谢您的支持，这里是新闻中最精彩的十分钟。

I'm Coy Wire, great to be back here with you, kicking off another week of learning and some fun.

我是Coy Wire，很高兴再次与你们相聚，开启新的一周的学习和乐趣。

Let's get started.

让我们开始吧。

We start today in Europe, where Swedish police are investigating a suspected case of sabotage of an undersea telecoms cable that took place last week.

我们今天从欧洲开始，瑞典警方正在调查一起疑似破坏海底电信电缆的案件，该事件发生在上个星期。

It's the third time the Finnish telecom cable was damaged, this time in Sweden's economic zone after being completely severed in November and December of last year.

这是芬兰电信电缆第三次受损，这次是在瑞典的经济专属区内，而去年11月和12月该电缆曾被完全切断。

Undersea cables are the invisible force behind almost all of our communications around the world.

海底电缆几乎支撑着全球所有通信的隐形力量。

Everything from bank transfers to streaming, and even this episode you're watching right now, are all possible because of a vast network of internet cables that lie under the sea.

从银行转账到流媒体，甚至你现在正在观看的这期节目，所有这些都得益于海底铺设的庞大互联网电缆网络。

We've come to rely on this vital infrastructure in our everyday lives, unaware they exist at times.

我们在日常生活中已经越来越依赖这一关键基础设施，有时甚至意识不到它们的存在。

That's because companies spread data across multiple cables, so that if one goes down, customers won't be cut off.

这是因为公司将数据分散在多条电缆上，这样即使其中一条出现故障，客户也不会断网。

It's an important practice given how vulnerable the cables can be to a host of factors like hurricanes, Earthquakes, and accidental or intentional damage from fishing nets or ship anchors.

鉴于电缆易受飓风、地震以及渔网或船锚造成的意外或故意损坏等多种因素影响，这一做法显得尤为重要。

Within the last few months, multiple undersea cables in the Baltic Sea in Europe have been disrupted.

在过去几个月里，欧洲波罗的海的多条海底电缆遭到破坏。

NATO officials have launched an operation sending warships tasked with preventing these suspected intentional attacks in the Baltic Sea, while improving coordination with border guards from the affected nations.

北约官员已启动一项行动，派遣军舰前往波罗的海，旨在防范这些疑似蓄意破坏行为，同时加强与受影响国家边境警卫的协调合作。

CNN's Nic Robertson shows us how these cables work and just how vulnerable they can be.

CNN的尼克·罗伯逊向我们展示了这些电缆是如何工作的，以及它们有多么脆弱。

You might think that the internet comes from up there in the sky in the cloud.

你可能认为互联网来自天空中的云。

The reality is it lies deep below the ocean, and it's all possible because of a global network of internet cables under the sea.

实际上，它深藏于海底，这一切都归功于遍布全球的海底互联网电缆网络。

This map shows the hundreds that crisscross the ocean, connecting countries with each other.

这张地图展示了横跨海洋的数百条电缆，它们将各国相互连接。

According to NATO, 1.3 million kilometers of cables carry 10 trillion dollars' worth of financial transactions daily.

根据北约数据，130万公里的海底电缆每日承载着价值10万亿美元的金融交易。

So how do they actually work?

它们究竟是如何运作的呢？

Well, modern undersea data cables like this one, use fiber optic technology.

现代海底数据电缆像这样的，使用光纤技术。

The fibers are wrapped in layers and layers of protection before they're laid on the seabed by ships.

光纤在由船只铺设到海底之前，会被多层保护材料包裹。

They lay directly on the seafloor, however closer to the shore they are typically buried under the seabed.

它们直接铺设在海底，然而靠近海岸的部分通常会被埋藏在海床之下。

The process can take years as it involves a lot of planning to determine the best path for each line.

这一过程可能耗时数年，因为它需要大量规划，以确定每条线路的最佳路径。

And because they're so vital, there's a real concern about their vulnerability in a new era of hybrid warfare.

由于它们至关重要，在新兴的混合战争时代，人们对它们的脆弱性深感忧虑。

According to telegeography, there are around 200 data cable faults in a year, most of which are accidental, often caused by fishing and anchoring.

据Telegeography统计，每年大约发生200起数据电缆故障，其中大多数是意外事故，常由捕鱼和抛锚引起。

However, in recent years several cables have been disrupted in the Baltic Sea as well as the Asia-Pacific region, raising concerns over potential sabotage.

然而，近年来波罗的海及亚太地区接连发生多起电缆中断事件，引发了人们对潜在破坏行为的担忧。

Beyond the physical vulnerability, these cables are also susceptible to surveillance.

除了物理上的脆弱性，这些电缆还容易受到监视。

During the Cold War, the U.S. tapped Soviet undersea cables to intercept communication.

在冷战期间，美国窃听了苏联的海底电缆以拦截通信。

So what happens if a cable is cut?

那么，如果电缆被切断，会发生什么呢？

Repairing a cable is costly and time- consuming.

修复电缆既昂贵又耗时。

According to the International Cable Protection Committee, it costs between one and three million dollars to repair a cable.

根据国际海缆保护委员会的数据，修复电缆的费用在100万到300万美元之间。

It can take several months to fix a broken line.

修复一条断裂的线路可能需要几个月的时间。

While most companies operate several cables, so if one of them breaks they've got a backup, a serious failure could take down the internet for a whole country and a coordinated attack that could affect services across the whole world.

虽然大多数公司运营多条电缆，因此如果其中一条断裂，他们还有备用线路，但一次严重故障仍可能让整个国家的互联网瘫痪，而协调一致的攻击则可能波及全球服务。

Pop quiz hot shot.

突击测验，高手。

What percentage of Earth's oxygen is produced by the Amazon rainforest?

亚马逊雨林产生的氧气占地球氧气总量的百分之几？

5%, 10%, 20% or 50%?

5%、10%、20%还是50%？

If you said 20, you're so money.

如果你答的是20，那你可真是赚到了。

The largest rainforest in the world contributes an estimated one-fifth of the oxygen produced on land via photosynthesis.

世界上最大的雨林通过光合作用，估计贡献了陆地上产生的氧气的五分之一。

Deforestation has been a major threat to the Amazon rainforest for decades, driven by factors like growing infrastructure development, ranching and mining.

数十年来，森林砍伐一直是亚马逊雨林的主要威胁，其背后推手包括日益增长的基础设施建设、畜牧业和采矿业。

In Brazil, the Environmental Protection Agency recently led a raid to combat deforestation there, stopping illegal loggers, closing their sawmills and fining those involved millions of dollars.

在巴西，环境保护局最近领导了一次行动，以打击那里的森林砍伐，阻止了非法伐木者，关闭了他们的锯木厂，并对涉案人员处以数百万美元的罚款。

Our Stefano Pozzebon shows us how the operation carried out its goal to curb illegal logging in the protected and indigenous lands that see some of the country's highest deforestation rates.

我们的斯蒂法诺·波兹博恩展示了该行动如何实现其目标，遏制受保护土地和原住民土地上的非法伐木行为，这些地区的森林砍伐率是全国最高的。

This is Operation Maravalha, which takes its name for a kind of sawdust.

这是“马拉瓦拉行动”，其名称来源于一种锯末。

Environmental agents in Brazil have kicked off a major campaign to tackle deforestation in the Amazon rainforest.

巴西的环境执法人员启动了一项重大行动，以应对亚马逊雨林的森林砍伐问题。

The government told "Reuters" that the operation should be the largest of its kind in five years, as they granted the agency rare access to this timber raid you are seeing now.

政府向路透社透露，此次行动应是五年来规模最大的一次，因为他们罕见地允许该机构参与此次你目前所见的木材突击行动。

Officials say more than 5,000 truckloads of illegal timber were seized in the last few weeks, and most of it comes from some of the most heavily logged regions in the Amazon rainforest.

官员们表示，过去几周没收了超过5000卡车的非法木材，其中大部分来自亚马逊雨林中砍伐最严重的地区。

Since taking back the presidency in 2023, the Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva has promised to tackle deforestation, which was surging under his predecessor, Jair Bolsonaro.

自2023年重新当选总统以来，巴西总统卢伊兹·因纳乔·卢拉·达席尔瓦承诺解决森林砍伐问题，这一问题在他前任贾伊尔·博索纳罗任内急剧上升。

And Lula has made progress.

并且卢拉已经取得了进展。

Deforestation in the Amazon fell to its lowest level in six years, plunging 66% year on year in July of 2023.

2023年7月，亚马逊雨林的森林砍伐量降至六年来的最低点，同比骤降66%。

On the other hand, critics point out Lula's investment in fossil fuels, which include his recent push for offshore oil drilling near the Amazon River, which is one of the most biodiverse regions in the world.

另一方面，批评者指出卢拉对化石燃料的投资，其中包括他近期推动在亚马逊河附近进行海上石油钻探的举措，而该地区是全球生物多样性最为丰富的区域之一。

Brazil has also announced its intention to join OPEC+, a group of oil exporting nations, which signals the country's evolution into a key oil producer.

巴西还宣布了加入石油输出国组织+（OPEC+）的意向，这是一个由石油出口国组成的集团，这表明该国正演变为一个关键的石油生产国。

And this is happening just nine months before the country hosts the United Nations Environmental Summit.

这一转变恰巧发生在巴西主办联合国环境峰会前的九个月。

Lula has said before that the oil revenues can speed up the transition to clean energy, but fossil fuels make up the bulk of planet heating pollution, while the other main source is changes in land use, which include deforestation.

卢拉之前表示，石油收入可以加快向清洁能源的过渡，但化石燃料构成了大部分导致地球变暖的污染，而另一个主要来源是土地利用的变化，包括森林砍伐。

And this is the fine line Brazilian authorities are currently trying to balance.

而这正是巴西当局目前试图权衡的微妙平衡。

Today's story getting a 10 out of 10, flying taxis of the not-so- distant future.

今天的报道满分十分，未来不远的飞行出租车。

A U.K.-based company is working to launch a new mode of urban transport in cities across the world by the year 2030.

一家英国公司正致力于在2030年前在全球各大城市推出一种新型城市交通工具。

It says these flying machines will be safe, low noise, zero emission, and nimble enough to fly through city airspace, and that they won't cost much more than traditional taxis, Ubers, or Lyfts.

该公司表示，这些飞行器将是安全的、低噪音的、零排放的，并且足够灵活，可以在城市空域飞行，而且它们的成本不会比传统出租车、优步或来福车高出很多。

Our Max Foster visited the Hangar in Bristol, where these flying rides are being tested out.

我们的Max Foster访问了布里斯托尔的机库，这些飞行载具正在那里进行测试。

Imagine trying to book a taxi on your app and it can fly.

想象一下，在你的应用程序上预订出租车，而它还能飞行。

Well, it is a plan.

嗯，这只是一个计划。

And this is what the vehicle will look like that arrives.

这就是即将抵达的车辆的样子。

It's an electric, what did we call it?

这是一款电动的，我们怎么称呼它来着？

Is it a helicopter?

是直升机吗？

Is it a plane?

是飞机吗？

The answer is neither or rather both.

答案是两者都不是，或者说两者都是。

This is VX4, an electric vertical takeoff and landing vehicle, eVTOL for short, built by Bristol- based Vertical Aerospace.

这是一款名为VX4的电动垂直起降飞行器，简称eVTOL，由位于布里斯托尔的Vertical Aerospace公司制造。

It's not quite the flying car from the Jetsons, but eVTOLs are likely to be landing in a vertiport near you in the not-too-distant future.

它虽非《杰森一家》中那种飞行汽车，但eVTOL很可能在不远的将来降落在您附近的垂直起降机场。

When we talk about it being a flying taxi, you're comfortable with that because in the future, you do imagine people calling up one of these instead of a car.

当我们谈论它作为飞行出租车时，你感到自在，因为未来你确实想象人们会呼叫其中之一，而非传统汽车。

Is that right?

是这样吗？

Yes.

是的。

eVTOLs can allow us to unlock the pilgrimage to use air mobility to get them point A to point B.

eVTOLs可以让我们解锁朝圣之旅，使用空中交通从A点到B点。

The VX4 will have a range of 100 miles and a top speed of 150 miles per hour.

VX4的航程为100英里，最高速度为每小时150英里。

And it'll initially fly between airports and cities.

并且它将最初在机场和城市之间飞行。

So the inside, the interior, is designed to the same comfort and roominess of a London black taxi.

因此，内部设计旨在提供与伦敦黑色出租车相同的舒适度和宽敞感。

So it takes off vertically like a helicopter and then immediately tilts the four propellers forward to a longitudinal horizontal configuration, so that it cruises like a propeller driven airplane.

于是，它像直升机一样垂直起飞，随后立即向前倾斜四个螺旋桨，形成纵向水平布局，从而像螺旋桨驱动的飞机一样巡航。

All being well, Vertical Aerospace planned to make and deliver 150 aircraft to clients across the world by 2030.

一切顺利的话，Vertical Aerospace计划到2030年制造并交付150架飞机给全球的客户。

Talk about taking technology from sci-fi to reality.

说到将科幻技术变为现实。

Let me ask you this.

让我问你这个问题。

If there was a flying taxi in your town right now, would you take it or do you need some more time to see how things will go?

如果你镇上现在有一辆飞行出租车，你会乘坐它，还是需要更多时间来观察事情会如何发展？

All right.

好吧。

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