摘要：这类错误看似简单，却常让学习者栽跟头，甚至影响表达的准确性和流畅性。

一、主谓一致：英语学习者的“老大难”

在英语写作和口语中，主谓不一致是高频错误。比如：

- ✘ The team are celebrating their victory.

- ✔️ The team is celebrating its victory.

- ✘ Maths are my favorite subject.

- ✔️ Maths is my favorite subject.

这类错误看似简单，却常让学习者栽跟头，甚至影响表达的准确性和流畅性。

二、主谓一致的核心规则：“单对单，双对双”

定义：主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”上必须保持一致。

基础规则：

- 单数主语 → 单数谓语动词（如：is, has, does）

- 复数主语 → 复数谓语动词（如：are, have, do）

例1：

- ✔️ The cat sleeps on the chair.（单数主语）

- ✔️ The cats sleep on the chair.（复数主语）

例2：

- ✔️ She has a book.（第三人称单数）

- ✔️ They have books.（复数）

三、常见易错场景与破解方法

1. 复合主语（and/or连接）

- A and B → 复数（视为整体时例外）

- ✔️ Tom and Jerry are friends.

- ✔️ Bread and butter is my breakfast.（整体概念）

- A or B → 谓语与最近的主语一致

- ✔️ Neither the teacher nor the students were late.

- ✔️ Either the dogs or the cat is making noise.

2. 集体名词（family, team, government等）

- 强调整体 → 单数

- ✔️ The family is planning a trip.

- 强调个体 → 复数

- ✔️ The family are arguing among themselves.

3. 不定代词（everyone, something, each等）

- 单数含义 → 单数谓语

- ✔️ Everyone has a seat.

- ✔️ Each of the students was absent.

- 复数含义 → 复数谓语（如：both, few, many）

- ✔️ Both are correct.

4. the number of vs. a number of

- the number of + 复数名词 → 单数

- ✔️ The number of students is 50.

- a number of + 复数名词 → 复数

- ✔️ A number of students were late.

5. there be句型

- 谓语与最近的主语一致

- ✔️ There is a book and two pens on the desk.

- ✔️ There are two pens and a book on the desk.

6. 以s结尾的单数名词（maths, news, physics等）

- ✔️ The news is surprising.

- ✔️ Physics is a challenging subject.

四、快速记忆口诀

“单数主语配单动，复数主语动也复；

and连接表整体，or临近来决定；

集体名词看语境，不定代词大多单；

the number是单数，a number表复数；

there be遵就近，s结尾未必复。”

五、实战训练

判断正误并修正：

1. ✘ The scissors is on the table.

→ ✔️ The scissors are on the table.

2. ✘ Each of the boys have a toy.

→ ✔️ Each of the boys has a toy.

3. ✘ Neither the players nor the coach want to lose.

→ ✔️ Neither the players nor the coach wants to lose.

通过系统梳理规则和高频错误，主谓一致不再是难题。多观察例句、刻意练习，你会逐渐形成“主谓匹配”的语感！

来源：搬砖机农