动词elaborate的及物与不及物用法

摘要:He said he had new evidence, but refused to elaborate any further. (他说他有新的证据,但拒绝进一步详细说明。)[朗文当代英语词典]

elaborate有及物和不及物两种用法,各种用法的含义不同。

1. 不及物用法

品读如下例句。

【例句1】Would you care to elaborate? (你愿意详细说明一下吗?) [柯林斯高级学者辞典]

【例句2】He said he had new evidence, but refused to elaborate any further. (他说他有新的证据,但拒绝进一步详细说明。)[朗文当代英语词典]

可用介词on/upon来引入“详细说明”所基于的对象(即on之后的对象并非elaborate的作用对象),

【例句3】He said he was resigning but did not elaborate on his reasons. (他说他辞职了,但没有详细说明原因。) [牛津高级学者辞典]

【例句4】McDonald refused to elaborate on his reasons for resigning. (麦当劳拒绝详细说明辞职原因。) [朗文当代英语词典]

【例句5】The congresswoman said she was resigning, but refused to elaborate on her reasons for doing so. (这位女议员表示她将辞职,但拒绝详细说明辞职的原因。)[剑桥高级学者辞典]

就汉语而言,“说明原因”的“原因”肯定是“说明”的宾语,但英语elaborate与“详细说明”对应,即“原因”是“详细”的基础(受话人可能知道大体“原因”了)。

【例句6】A spokesman declined to elaborate on a statement released late yesterday.(发言人拒绝详细说明昨天晚些时候发布的一份声明。)[柯林斯高级学者辞典]

受话人知道有个statement,但不知道细节。

2. 及物用法

品读如下例句。

【例句7】She went on to elaborate her argument. (她继续详尽阐述她的论点。) [牛津高级学者辞典]

她的论点被直接elaborate, 不是出发点。

【例句8】In his plays he takes simple traditional tales and elaborates them. (在他的戏剧中,他采用简单的传统故事并加以丰富。) [牛津高级学者辞典]

【例句9】His task was to elaborate policies to make a market economy compatible with a clean environment. (他的任务是精心制定政策,使市场经济与清洁环境相兼容。) [柯林斯高级学者辞典]

此用法中,elaborate后面的名词,是它直接操作的对象,如计划、观念,使它更复杂、更详细、或更有效。

来源:营口口偶雨

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