摘要：This issue of tweets will introduce the intensive reading doctoral dissertation "Research on pricing decisions and dynamic coordin

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“喆学（81）：精读博士论文

《考虑公平偏好的竞争型绿色供应链定价决策和动态协调研究》

考虑公平关切和零售商竞争

的绿色供应链定价策略研究（1）”

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"Zhexue (81): Intensive reading of doctoral dissertation

"Research on pricing decision and dynamic coordination of competitive green supply chain considering fairness preference"

Research on green supply chain pricing strategy considering fairness concerns and retailer competition (1)"

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本期推文将从思维导图、精读内容、知识补充三个方面介绍精读博士论文《考虑公平偏好的竞争型绿色供应链定价决策和动态协调研究》考虑公平关切和零售商竞争的绿色供应链定价策略研究。

This issue of tweets will introduce the intensive reading doctoral dissertation "Research on pricing decisions and dynamic coordination of competitive green supply chains considering fairness preferences" from three aspects: Mind mapping, intensive reading content, and knowledge supplement. The research on green supply chain pricing strategies considering fairness concerns and retailer competition.

一、思维导图（Mind Maps）

二、精读内容（Intensive reading content）

(1)问题描述与模型假设(Problem Description and Model Assumptions)

研究聚焦于一个绿色制造商和两个零售商组成的供应链，零售商从制造商处购买绿色产品并在市场上销售。零售商具有双向公平关切行为，即他们不仅考虑与制造商的利润分配，还要考虑与同级竞争者的利润分配。制造商的决策变量是产品的绿色度和批发价格。零售商的决策变量是零售价格。

The study focuses on a supply chain consisting of a green manufacturer and two retailers. The retailers purchase green products from the manufacturer and sell them in the market. Retailers have two-way fairness concerns, that is, they consider not only the profit distribution with the manufacturer, but also the profit distribution with competitors of the same level. The decision variables of the manufacturer are the greenness and wholesale price of the product. The decision variable of the retailer is the retail price.

在研究绿色供应链模型中，假设两个零售商销售同一制造商生产的绿色产品，其生产成本为c，批发价格为w，制造商的绿色创新成本与产品绿色成指数关系且所有模型参数在供应链成员间是公开的，同时市场需求受到产品零售价格、绿色度以及零售商竞争行为的影响。

In the study of the green supply chain model, it is assumed that two retailers sell green products produced by the same manufacturer, with a production cost of c and a wholesale price of w. The green innovation cost of the manufacturer is exponentially related to the greenness of the product and all model parameters are open to the supply chain members. At the same time, market demand is affected by the retail price, greenness and competitive behavior of the retailer.

(2)模型建立与分析(Model establishment and analysis)

1.基准棋型：无公平关切定价决策

1. Benchmark chess model: pricing decision without fairness concern

首先定义零售商、制造商和供应链的利润函数，最后得出均衡结果。

First, the profit functions of retailers, manufacturers, and supply chains are defined, and finally the equilibrium results are obtained.

在公平中性的制造商与零售商竞争环境中，消费者的绿色偏好程度越强，越能提升产品的绿色度、批发价格和零售价格，增加绿色产品市场需求，激励零售商销售更多绿色产品，增强制造商的绿色创新动力，并通过提高批发价格对整个供应链的利润产生正向影响。

In a fair and neutral competition environment between manufacturers and retailers, the stronger the green preference of consumers, the more it can improve the greenness, wholesale price and retail price of products, increase the market demand for green products, encourage retailers to sell more green products, enhance the green innovation motivation of manufacturers, and have a positive impact on the profits of the entire supply chain by increasing wholesale prices.

2.零售商双向公平关切定价决策

2. Retailers’ Bilateral Fairness Concern Pricing Decision

在模型F中，两个具有纵向和横向公平关切的零售商在制造商决策后，以实现效用最大化为目标进行决策，均衡结果由命题4-2给出，包括批发价格、产品绿色和零售价格的具体计算公式。

In Model F, two retailers with vertical and horizontal fairness concerns make decisions after the manufacturer makes a decision with the goal of maximizing utility. The equilibrium result is given by Proposition 4-2, including the specific calculation formulas for wholesale price, product greenness, and retail price.

最后得出制造商、零售商和供应链的最优利润以及零售商的效用。

根据推论4-3和4-4，随着消费者绿色偏好的增强，产品绿色度、批发价格和零售价格都会上升，这不仅促进了绿色产品的生产和销售，使零售商和制造商从中受益，而且对环境、经济和社会的可持续发展起到了积极的推动作用。尽管零售商之间存在价格竞争和公平关切行为，消费者绿色偏好的增加对供应链收益的影响总体上是积极的。然而，这种影响受到零售商间竞争系数、公平关切程度和绿色创新成本系数等因素的影响。在特定条件下，消费者绿色偏好能提升零售商的效用，但在其他情况下可能会降低。因此，决策者在制定定价策略时，需要综合考虑零售商间的竞争和公平关切程度，以确保供应链的整体利益。

According to inferences 4-3 and 4-4, as consumers' green preference increases, product greenness, wholesale prices, and retail prices will all rise, which not only promotes the production and sales of green products and benefits retailers and manufacturers, but also plays a positive role in promoting the sustainable development of the environment, economy, and society. Despite price competition and fairness concerns among retailers, the impact of increased consumer green preference on supply chain benefits is generally positive. However, this impact is affected by factors such as the competition coefficient, fairness concern, and green innovation cost coefficient among retailers. Under certain conditions, consumer green preference can enhance the utility of retailers, but it may decrease in other cases. Therefore, when formulating pricing strategies, decision makers need to comprehensively consider the competition and fairness concerns among retailers to ensure the overall interests of the supply chain.

推论4-5显示，零售商的纵向公平关切导致批发价格和产品绿色度下降，因为他们希望制造商降低批发价；横向公平关切则相反，有助于提高批发价格和绿色度。零售价格受这两种关切的影响，取决于绿色创新投入程度：在一定条件下，纵向关切提高零售价，横向关切降低零售价。这反映了零售商在追求利润和市场份额时的策略调整。

Corollary 4-5 shows that retailers' vertical fairness concerns lead to a decrease in wholesale prices and product greenness, because they hope that manufacturers will lower wholesale prices; horizontal fairness concerns, on the contrary, help to increase wholesale prices and greenness. Retail prices are affected by these two concerns and depend on the degree of green innovation investment: under certain conditions, vertical concerns increase retail prices, while horizontal concerns reduce retail prices. This reflects the strategic adjustment of retailers in the pursuit of profits and market share.

推论4-6指出，绿色产品需求因零售商的纵向公平关切而减少，因横向公平关切而增加，制造商和供应链利润也随纵向关切减少、横向关切增加。纵向公平关切可能导致零售商采取短视行为，损害长期市场需求和供应链效益。相反，零售商间的横向公平关切促进了绿色市场的竞争和发展，激励制造商增加绿色生产投入，从而推动供应链的绿色和可持续发展。

Corollary 4-6 indicates that the demand for green products decreases due to retailers' vertical fairness concerns and increases due to horizontal fairness concerns. The profits of manufacturers and supply chains also decrease with vertical fairness concerns and increase with horizontal fairness concerns. Vertical fairness concerns may lead retailers to take short-sighted actions, which will damage long-term market demand and supply chain benefits. On the contrary, horizontal fairness concerns among retailers promote competition and development in the green market, encourage manufacturers to increase green production inputs, and thus promote the green and sustainable development of the supply chain.

推论4-7表明，零售商的公平关切行为导致制造商降低批发价格，尤其是纵向公平关切对批发价格有显著影响。零售价格的不确定性受零售商竞争系数、制造商绿色创新投入以及公平关切程度的影响。高纵向公平关切可能降低零售价格，吸引绿色消费者，促进市场发展。横向公平关切增强时，零售商可能提高价格以增利，但这可能抑制消费者需求。制造商的绿色创新投入有助于缓解公平关切对价格的负面影响。产品绿色度和制造商利润的变化趋势受零售商纵向和横向公平关切行为的共同影响。

Corollary 4-7 shows that retailers' fairness concerns cause manufacturers to lower wholesale prices, especially vertical fairness concerns have a significant impact on wholesale prices. The uncertainty of retail prices is affected by the retailer's competition coefficient, the manufacturer's green innovation investment, and the degree of fairness concerns. High vertical equity concerns may lower retail prices, attract green consumers, and promote market development. When horizontal fairness concerns increase, retailers may raise prices to increase profits, but this may dampen consumer demand. Manufacturers’ investment in green innovation can help mitigate the negative impact of equity concerns on prices. The changing trends of product greenness and manufacturer profits are jointly affected by retailers’ vertical and horizontal fairness concerns.

三、知识补充（Knowledge supplement）

横向公平关切对零售价格的影响主要体现在零售商之间的竞争关系上。当零售商具有横向公平关切行为时，他们可能会采取降低零售价格的策略来吸引消费者，尤其是在绿色市场中。这种行为能够推动绿色市场的发展，并且对绿色产品的市场需求有积极影响。研究表明，线下零售商的横向公平偏好会导致他们在正向供应链中竞相降低零售价格，以提高市场占有率。同时，线上零售商也会跟随降价，以防止销售量下滑。这种横向公平关切行为在一定程度上会导致市场竞争加剧，但对消费者而言，可能享受到更低的零售价格。

The impact of horizontal fairness concerns on retail prices is mainly reflected in the competitive relationship between retailers. When retailers have horizontal fairness concerns, they may adopt the strategy of lowering retail prices to attract consumers, especially in the green market. This behavior can promote the development of the green market and have a positive impact on the market demand for green products. Research shows that offline retailers' horizontal fairness preferences will lead them to compete to lower retail prices in the forward supply chain to increase market share. At the same time, online retailers will also follow the price reduction to prevent sales from declining. This horizontal fairness concern behavior will lead to intensified market competition to a certain extent, but for consumers, they may enjoy lower retail prices.

然而，横向公平关切也可能导致零售商之间的恶性竞争，从而影响整个供应链的稳定性和利润。在某些情况下，零售商可能会通过提高零售价格来获得更多的利润，但这可能会抑制消费者需求，最终影响供应链的整体效益。因此，横向公平关切对零售价格的影响是复杂的，需要综合考虑市场竞争强度、消费者需求以及供应链成员之间的协调机制。

However, horizontal fairness concerns may also lead to vicious competition among retailers, thus affecting the stability and profits of the entire supply chain. In some cases, retailers may gain more profits by raising retail prices, but this may suppress consumer demand and ultimately affect the overall benefits of the supply chain. Therefore, the impact of horizontal fairness concerns on retail prices is complex and requires comprehensive consideration of market competition intensity, consumer demand, and coordination mechanisms among supply chain members.

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翻译：谷歌翻译

参考资料：谷歌、Chat GPT

参考文献：葛根哈斯. 考虑公平偏好的竞争型绿色供应链定价决策和动态协调研究[D]. 北京科技大学, 2023.

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来源：LearningYard学苑