摘要：2024年11月14日至17日，国际细胞与免疫治疗（CTI）大会在中国杭州盛大举行，汇聚了全球细胞治疗和免疫治疗领域的顶尖专家、学者和行业领袖。此次大会不仅是一个学术交流的国际平台，更是一个展示最新科研成果、推动领域发展的重要窗口。会议期间，《肿瘤瞭望-血液时

2024年11月14日至17日，国际细胞与免疫治疗（CTI）大会在中国杭州盛大举行，汇聚了全球细胞治疗和免疫治疗领域的顶尖专家、学者和行业领袖。此次大会不仅是一个学术交流的国际平台，更是一个展示最新科研成果、推动领域发展的重要窗口。会议期间，《肿瘤瞭望-血液时讯》特别邀请到法国里尔大学附属医院Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha教授，为我们揭示了细胞免疫治疗在骨髓纤维化中的无限潜力与广阔前景。现将访谈精髓整理成文，以飨读者。

Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha教授：实际上，我作为血液学领域的教授，长期致力于免疫治疗的研究，特别是细胞免疫治疗领域，如异基因造血干细胞移植和CAR-T细胞疗法。我的研究核心在于深入挖掘细胞疗法的临床数据，特别是关于其毒性和耐受性的普遍规律，以及异基因移植和CAR-T细胞治疗的相关数据。

我认为免疫治疗在医学领域具有举足轻重的地位。早在30至40年前，人们就开始思考免疫治疗和癌症治愈的可能性。但直到近年来，我们才见证了一些新的药物、治疗方法的出现。在我开始研究生涯时，化疗是每位研究者必须掌握的知识。然而，如今的学生们则更多地聚焦于免疫治疗、肿瘤逃逸等前沿领域。免疫治疗的重要性日益凸显，例如双特异性抗体和检查点抑制剂等创新疗法，已经显著改善了患者的预后，如黑色素瘤的治疗。如今，我们甚至能够治愈一些曾被认为无法治愈的转移性黑色素瘤。

此次CTI会议对我而言具有深远的意义，主要体现在三个层面。首先，这是一个与广大同仁相聚的绝佳机会，我们可以分享最新的研究成果，探讨潜在的合作机会。其次，医学领域的发展日新月异，我们不可能掌握所有的最新进展。但在这里，我们可以直接从同仁们那里学到很多新知识，同时向他们展示我们的研究成果。最后，这样的会议为我们提供了宝贵的灵感，有助于我们在研究和教育工作中取得更大的进步。如果今后需要在我的国家组织类似的会议，我相信这将是一个非常有益的参考。

我在本次会议中重点讨论了异基因造血细胞移植在骨髓纤维化（包括原发性和继发性）治疗中的应用。对于这些患者而言，异基因移植是唯一有效的治疗方法。然而，这种治疗也伴随着一定的毒性。另一方面，骨髓纤维化通常是一种慢性疾病，许多患者可以与其无症状地共存。因此，并非所有患者都需要接受移植治疗。

那么，如何识别适合移植的患者呢？我们需要综合考虑患者的身体状况和疾病相关的因素。例如，患者是否存在转化为急性髓系白血病（AML）的风险，或者预期生存期较短等。最后，如果我们决定为患者实施移植治疗，那么如何移植以及何时移植将成为最为棘手的问题。尽管这是一个复杂的决策过程，但我相信我们已经逐步找到了答案。

如今，免疫治疗领域充满了无限可能。我们可以从异基因CAR-T疗法开始，探索其在体内的应用以及与其他疗法的联合使用等。但我坚信的一点是：CAR-T疗法只是我们探索的开始。随着这项技术的不断发展和完善，我们将在未来的治疗中看到越来越多的应用实例。免疫治疗的新纪元已经到来，我们有理由相信，它将为患者带来更加美好的未来。

Dr.Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha：Actually, I'm a professor of hematology, but I'm focusing on immunotherapy, especially cellular immunotherapy, such as allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and CAR-T cells. My main objective from my research, it's especially in the clinical data regarding toxicity, tolerance of cellular therapy, in general, and allogeneic transplantation and CAR-T cells.

Actually, I think immunotherapy, in general, is something very important. Actually, we started thinking about immunotherapyand curing cancer 30 or 40 years ago. But we start seeing some new drugs or treatment or seller nowadays 30 or 40 years after this. Let me tell you this story. When I start my fellowship, you know, for every single fellowship, we needed to understand and know chemotherapy, mode of action, toxicity, et cetera. But nowadays, my students, they don't need to learn about chemotherapy. Now, they need to learn about immunotherapy, tumor escape, et cetera. I think immunotherapy is something very important. Such as bispecific, for instance, or checkpoint inhibitors, we transformed the prognosis of the patient, for instance, melanoma. Now we can cure some metastatic melanoma, which was something very impossible a few years ago. With CAR-T cell therapy, this is a new era, new way to cure the patients.

This meeting is very important for me at three levels. First of all, we can meet with colleagues and friends. This is a very good opportunity to share, to discuss how to decide for collaboration or something to do together. The second level, there are 24 hours a day. So we cannot be aware of every single progress or whatever in medicine. So coming here, we can on the spot, learn a lot from our colleagues and we can present we can do what we have to tell them. And the third thing is that each meeting like this one, and especially this one, is a very good meeting, a big meeting. It gives you some ideas how to go further in your research and even in your education. So if you need to set up such a meeting in your country, et cetera, so it's very helpful.

So I will handle the issue of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and myelofibrosis, primary or secondary myelofibrosis. Allogeneic transplantation is the only corrective treatment for those patients. However, we have some toxicity with this treatment. On the other hand, not everybody needs a transplantation because myelofibrosis, in general, it's a chronic disease. We can live with it without symptoms, everything is okay. So we don't need to treat their patients. I will focus on how to identify the patients who are candidates for transplantation. Then why identify the patient? What to do? We need to explore factors related to the patient and physical conditions. Factors related to the disease? Is there any risk of transformation into AML, for instance, or shorter survival for the patient? At the end, if we decide to transplant the patient, how and especially when—this is the most difficult question, when, but I think I have simple answers.

Nowadays, we have many axes of development. It can be allogeneic CAR-T, for instance, or in vivo CAR-T, or combination, et cetera. But I think something is sure: we're starting with CAR-T. And this is only the starting; we will see more and more with this technology in this treatment.

总 结

随着Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha教授的精彩阐述，我们深刻感受到了细胞免疫治疗领域的蓬勃生机与无限可能，为我们揭示了异基因造血干细胞移植和CAR-T细胞疗法在癌症治疗中的重要作用，以及它们在改善患者预后、提高生活质量方面的显著贡献。同时，Ibrahim教授也强调了识别适合移植患者的重要性，并提出了综合考虑患者身体状况和疾病相关因素的策略。展望未来，免疫治疗领域将继续蓬勃发展，异基因CAR-T疗法等创新技术将不断涌现，为患者带来更多的希望和福音。我们有理由相信，在全球医学工作者的共同努力下，免疫治疗的新纪元将开启更加美好的未来，为人类的健康事业作出更加卓越的贡献。

来源：肿瘤瞭望