Nature:突破！三层石墨烯中发现新型超导态，自旋“倾斜”是关键

摘要：在可穿戴电子设备快速发展的背景下，对柔性、高性能储能器件的需求日益增长。MXene作为新兴二维材料，以其高电导率和层状结构成为构建柔性电极的重要选择。本文，北京服装学院张梅教授团队在《Chemical Engineering Journal》期刊发表了题为“M

1成果简介

在可穿戴电子设备快速发展的背景下，对柔性、高性能储能器件的需求日益增长。MXene作为新兴二维材料，以其高电导率和层状结构成为构建柔性电极的重要选择。本文，北京服装学院张梅教授团队在《Chemical Engineering Journal》期刊发表了题为“Microfluidic-oriented assembly of MXene composite fibers for flexible zinc ion supercapacitors with high energy density”的论文，研究采用微流控辅助湿法纺丝技术，在纺丝过程中通过变径微通道引导MXene与GO纳米片层沿纤维轴向定向排列，构建出径向有序多孔结构的rGO/MXene复合纤维电极。在此过程中，GO不仅作为可纺性载体，还能有效抑制MXene片层的堆叠团聚。

此外，通过优化rGO含量（10%~30%），发现当rGO/MXene质量比为1:9时（即10% rGO/MXene纤维），纳米片层呈现更加紧密交织的三维网络结构，其比表面积高达50.14 m2g-1，且轴向取向度（Hermann因子0.62）显著优于高rGO 含量纤维。这种结构特征为电解液离子提供了连续贯通的传输路径，同时扩大了离子吸附/脱附的有效界面面积，并通过电化学沉积制备出Zn包覆70% rGO/MXene的70% rGO/MXene@Zn纤维阳极，组装成性能优异的锌离子混合超级电容器（ZIHSCs），实现了1180 mF cm-2的优异面积比电容、0-1.6V的宽电压窗口、104.9 μWh cm-2的高能量密度以及良好的实际应用。

2图文导读

图1. Fabrication of MXene based composite fibers with the radially oriented porous channels for flexible supercapacitors.

图2. (a) Surface SEM image of 10% rGO/MXene fibers; (b-c) cross-sectional SEM images; (d) SAXS scattering integral curves and (e) azimuthal angle integral curves of 10%, 20% and 30% rGO/MXene fibers; (f) The Young's modulus and electric conductivities of different fibers; (g) XRD patterns of 10% rGO/MXene fibers, MXene and MAX- Ti3AlC2; (h-k) XPS spectra of 10% rGO/MXene fibers, (i) C 1s, (j) O 1s and (k) Ti 2p; (l) pore size distribution and nitrogen adsorption desorption curves of 10% rGO/MXene fibers.

图3. Electrochemical properties of flexible symmetric supercapacitors (FSCs) assembled with 10%, 20% and 30% rGO/MXene fibers in PVA/H2SO4 gel-electrolyte: (a) CV curves; (b) GCD curves; (c) EIS curves; (d) specific areal capacitance. Electrochemical performance of 10% rGO/MXene fibers based flexible supercapacitors: (e) CV curves at different scan rates; (f) GCD curves at different current densities.

图4. Surface SEM images of (a) 70% rGO/MXene fibers and (b-c) 70%rGO/MXene@Zn fibers. (d-e)Cross-sectional SEM images and (f) the corresponding EDX mapping images of 70%rGO/MXene@Zn fibers.

图5. (a) Schematic of the energy storage mechanism of ZIHSCs; (b) Curves of cathodic and anodic peak current response of 10% rGO/MXene fibers; (c) Capacitive effects contribution ratio of 10% rGO/MXene fibers at various scan rates; (d) Capacitive effects and diffusion-controlled insertion of 10% rGO/MXene fibers at 10 mV s-1; (e) CV curves of 10% rGO/MXene fibers and 70% rGO/MXene@Zn fibers in three-electrode system; (f) GCD curves and (g) CV curves under various voltage window; (h) GCD curves of ZIHSCs at current densities of 0.2-1.0 mA cm-2 ; (i) CV curves of ZIHSCs at scan rates of 10-100 mV s-1.

图6. Electrochemical performance of ZIHSCs in PVA/Zn(CF3SO3)2gel electrolyte: (a) GCD curves, (b) CV curves, (c) specific areal capacitance, energy density and power density at 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mA cm-2, (d) EIS curves, (e) comparison of energy density between symmetric supercapacitors (FSCs) and zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZIHSCs) at different current densities, respectively, (f) energy density and power density comparison with other supercapacitors.

图7. (a) Capacitance retention of flexible ZIHSCs after 6500 cycles and GCD curves of last 10 Cycles at 10.0 mA cm-2; (b) Bending stability of flexible ZIHSCs at 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180° at 100 mV s-1; (c) Discharge curves of single versus two flexible. ZIHSCs in parallel and in series connection; (d) Photograph and schematic of three flexible ZIHSCs in series; The practical application of flexibleZIHSCs to power (e) a desk lamp, (f) an electronic timer and (g) traffic lights.

3小结

综上所述，本研究提出的微流控定向组装和电化学沉积策略，成功构建了结构稳定、离子通道丰富的10%rGO/MXene纤维阴极与70% rGO/MXene@Zn纤维阳极，组装成高性能的柔性ZIHSCs器件，该器件在0.4 mA cm-2下表现出1180 mF cm-2的面积比电容和104.9 μWh cm-2的能量密度，具有优异的柔性、稳定性和实际应用潜力，超过了之前报道的许多类似装置。该工作通过材料结构调控、界面优化与宏观器件构建的多维度协同，为柔性能源器件、智能服装供能系统提供了先进方案，为MXene在柔性能源领域应用拓展提供了重要先例。

文献：

10.1016/j.cej.2025.162864