摘要:当 “when” 作为疑问副词(表时间疑问)引导名词性从句时,可接不定式,此时结构为:疑问词(when/where/how等) + 不定式。
一、基本原则
单独使用不成立:
When + 不定式(不带疑问词) 无法构成完整状语结构。
✘ When to finish the report, he left the office.
✔ When he finished the report, he left the office.
需搭配疑问词形成名词性从句:
当 “when” 作为疑问副词(表时间疑问)引导名词性从句时,可接不定式,此时结构为:疑问词(when/where/how等) + 不定式。
✔ I don’t know when to start.(宾语从句)
✔ When to leave hasn’t been decided.(主语从句)
二、适用场景
1. 名词性从句中作成分
作宾语:
Tell me when to stop the machine.(直接宾语)
▲ 隐含“应何时停止”的疑问性,需上下文明确动作执行者。
作主语/表语:
When to hold the meeting is crucial.(主语)
The question is when to tell her the truth.(表语)
2. 简化状语从句的特定情况
当主从句主语一致且含 “should” 时,可用不定式简化:
When you are to submit the form, check the guidelines.
= When to submit the form, check the guidelines.
三、典型错误辨析
混淆状语从句与名词性从句:
✘ When to arrive, please call me.
✔ When you arrive, please call me.
缺失必要疑问词:
✘ The problem is when repair the car.
✔ The problem is when to repair the car.
四、语法总结
结构类型 合法性 示例 功能
When + 不定式(无疑问词) 错误 When start the project… 无效状语
疑问词 + when + 不定式 正确 Decide when to begin. 名词性从句(宾/主/表语)
When + 不定式(含隐含should) 正确 When to act, be cautious. 简化状语从句(正式文体)
来源:笑愚教育