初中英语词组反义词分类归纳整理

摘要:get up(起床) - go to bed(上床睡觉):这是一天开始和结束的标志性动作,如 I usually get up at 7:00, and go to bed at 10:00.

初中英语词组反义词的学习有助于丰富语言表达,提升英语能力。以下是对常见词组反义词的分类归纳:

1. 日常活动类:

- get up(起床) - go to bed(上床睡觉):这是一天开始和结束的标志性动作,如 I usually get up at 7:00, and go to bed at 10:00.

- go to school(去上学) - leave school(放学;毕业离校):涵盖了学生在学校的进出状态,例如 Students go to school in the morning and leave school in the afternoon.

- come in(进来) - go out(出去):描述了在某个空间的进出动作,像 Come in, please. It's cold outside. You can't go out now.

- put on(穿上;上演) - take off(脱下;起飞):不仅用于衣物穿着的相反动作,也用于飞机起降等场景,如 Put on your coat. The plane will take off soon.

- turn on(打开,电器类) - turn off(关闭,电器类):操作电器设备的常见词组,如 Turn on the light. Don't forget to turn off the TV when you leave.

- start(开始) - finish(结束):I start my homework at 7 pm and usually finish it before 9 pm. (我晚上 7 点开始做作业,通常在 9 点前完成。)

- arrive(到达) - depart(离开):The train arrives at the station at 8 o'clock and departs 10 minutes later. (火车 8 点到达车站,10 分钟后离开。)

- wake up(醒来) - fall asleep(入睡):体现人的清醒与睡眠状态的转变,如 The baby wakes up every morning at 6:00. He fell asleep quickly last night.

2. 方位类:

- at the front of(在……前部,内部) - at the back of(在……后部,内部):用于描述物体在空间内部的前后位置,如 The teacher's desk is at the front of the classroom, and the students' lockers are at the back.

- in front of(在……前面,外部) - behind(在……后面):表示物体在外部的前后位置关系,例如 There is a car in front of the house, and a tree is behind it.

- on(在……上面) - under(在……下面):The book is on the table, and the cat is under the chair. (书在桌子上,猫在椅子下。)

- above(在……上方) - below(在……下方):The plane is flying above the clouds, and the submarine is below the sea level. (飞机在云层上方飞行,潜艇在海平面以下。)

- inside(在……里面) - outside(在……外面):The keys are inside the drawer, and the dog is outside the house. (钥匙在抽屉里面,狗在房子外面。)

3. 学习成长类:

- be good at(擅长于) - be weak in(在……方面薄弱):用于描述学习能力的优劣,如 She is good at painting, but he is weak in math.

- look up(查阅;向上看) - look down(向下看;看不起):look up 常用于学习时查阅资料,look down 则有负面含义,如 Look up the new words in the dictionary. Don't look down on others.

- build up(建立;增强) - tear down(拆除;诋毁):在描述能力培养和事物破坏方面,如 We should build up our body. They are going to tear down the old bridge.

- learn(学习) - forget(忘记):We should learn from our mistakes and not forget the important knowledge. (我们应该从错误中学习,并且不要忘记重要的知识。)

- improve(提高) - decline(下降):His grades have improved a lot this semester, while her performance has declined. (他这学期的成绩提高了很多,而她的表现却下降了。)

4. 状态变化类:

- be full of(充满) - be empty of(空的;缺乏):描述容器或空间的状态,如 The box is full of toys. The bottle is empty of water.

- become(变得) - remain(保持):The weather becomes cold in winter, while the temperature in the cave remains stable. (冬天天气变得寒冷,而山洞里的温度保持稳定。)

- increase(增加) - decrease(减少):The population of the city is increasing, while the number of wild animals is decreasing. (城市人口在增加,而野生动物的数量在减少。)

- appear(出现) - disappear(消失):A rainbow appears after the rain, and the clouds disappear gradually. (雨后出现彩虹,云逐渐消失。)

5. 社交态度类:

- agree with(同意) - disagree with(不同意):表达对观点的态度,如 I agree with your plan. My parents disagree with me.

- listen to(听) - ignore(忽视;不理睬):体现对他人话语的不同反应,如 We should listen to the teacher carefully. He ignored my advice.

- like(喜欢) - dislike(不喜欢):I like reading books, but my sister dislikes it. (我喜欢读书,但我妹妹不喜欢。)

- praise(赞扬) - criticize(批评):The teacher praised him for his good behavior, while she criticized the other student for being late. (老师表扬他行为好,同时批评另一个学生迟到。)

- help(帮助) - hinder(阻碍):Good habits help us succeed, while bad habits hinder our progress. (好习惯帮助我们成功,而坏习惯阻碍我们进步。)

6. 动作方向类:

- push(推) - pull(拉):描述物体受力的相反方向动作,如 Push the door to open it. Pull the drawer to get the book.

- stand up(站起来) - sit down(坐下):身体姿态的变化动作,如 Stand up when the teacher comes in. Sit down and relax.

- go up(上升) - go down(下降):The balloon goes up into the air, and the elevator goes down to the first floor. (气球升上天空,电梯下降到一楼。)

- climb up(爬上) - climb down(爬下):The monkey climbs up the tree and then climbs down. (猴子爬上树然后又爬下来。)

- come forward(向前来) - go backward(向后退):The students come forward to answer the question, and then go backward to their seats. (学生们走上前去回答问题,然后回到座位上。)

7. 进度节奏类:

- hurry up(赶快) - take it easy(放轻松):调节做事的速度和心态,如 Hurry up! We are late. Take it easy. It's not a big deal.

- keep on(继续) - give up(放弃):表示对事情的坚持或停止,如 Keep on working hard. He gave up playing football.

- speed up(加速) - slow down(减速):The car speeds up on the highway and slows down in the urban area. (汽车在高速公路上加速,在市区减速。)

- begin(开始) - stop(停止):Let's begin the meeting. It's time to stop working and have a rest. (让我们开始会议。是时候停止工作休息一下了。)

- advance(前进) - retreat(后退):The army advances towards the enemy, and the enemy retreats. (军队向敌人前进,敌人后退。)

通过对这些词组反义词的分类学习,同学们可以更系统地理解和记忆,在英语表达中更加准确、自如地运用。

来源:安博新高考

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