摘要：美国禁止中国科学家参与NASA项目，旨在限制中国太空技术进步。中国稳步推进载人登月计划，倡导国际合作；美国则加速部署月球核反应堆，试图通过先发优势抢占月球资源，维护太空霸权。
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美国禁止中国科学家参与NASA项目，旨在限制中国太空技术进步。中国稳步推进载人登月计划，倡导国际合作；美国则加速部署月球核反应堆，试图通过先发优势抢占月球资源，维护太空霸权。
美国运输部长兼国家航空航天局局长肖恩·达菲肆意污蔑中国的登月计划
一、美国家航空航天局对中国公民参与该局项目采取新限制措施
美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）2025年9月11日报道，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）已禁止持美国签证的中国公民参与该机构的项目。这标志着中美之间太空竞赛的急剧升级。此时正值中国加紧筹备载人登月任务，并可能在月球建立驻留基地，特朗普政府对此表达了日益强烈的担忧。
据两名NASA内部人士透露，这项新政策于9月5日生效，其影响此后已波及这个规模庞大的机构。出于对报复的担忧，这两名人士要求匿名。
消息人士称，这一政策调整影响了数百名科学家和研究人员，其中许多人由NASA资助，在气候科学、航天及其他学科领域开展研究工作。但NASA的一名发言人却表示，受影响人数不足100人。
目前尚不清楚是否有特定事件引发了此次限制行动。当CNN询问NASA采取这些措施的原因时，该机构新闻办公室发送了一则在X平台上发布的帖子，其中包含代理局长肖恩·达菲近期做客福克斯商业频道的片段。
达菲公然发布他在中国太空计划的敌视，他写道：“中国登月绝非出于善意。美国将率先抵达月球，为美国及我们的国际合作伙伴维护和平。”
中国公民现被禁止进入NASA实体设施、参与与NASA同事的Zoom视频会议，或使用该机构的超级计算资源。对于专门研究气候变化的人员而言，超级计算工作尤为关键。
消息人士指出，对这些研究人员施加的限制正干扰NASA的工作，还可能阻碍那些赴美推进科研工作的中国年轻研究人员的职业发展，而这些人原本可通过研究成果为NASA带来助益。
这些限制还适用于参与NASA资助的会议（无论线下还是线上）。目前NASA员工本就面临动荡时期：特朗普政府已计划对NASA实施大幅预算削减和人员裁减，而新限制措施进一步加剧了混乱。
NASA一名发言人表示，该指令与美国总统唐纳德·特朗普8月28日签署的行政令将NASA定性为事关国家安全职能机构。
但NASA发言人却表示：“NASA针对中国公民采取的内部行动（包括实体及网络安全限制），与上述行政令分属不同事宜。”
9月11日，NASA新闻秘书贝瑟尼·史蒂文斯就针对持美国签证的中国公民的全面限制措施作出更具体的说明，她告诉CNN：“NASA已针对中国公民采取内部行动，包括限制其进入我们的设施、获取资料及接入网络（涉及实体与网络安全层面），以确保我们工作的安全性。”
美国航空航天局计划在2030年重返月球并建立永久驻月基地
二、新措施旨在加强与中国在太空领域的竞争、抢先重返月球
彭博新闻社此前已报道过这些新限制措施。当前，中美两国在地球层面的竞争加剧，新一轮太空竞赛中的较量也日趋激烈。
中国已公开计划，力争在2030年前实现中国航天员首次登陆月球表面；而NASA计划最早于2027年年中让美国航天员重返月球表面，两国形成竞争态势。
特朗普的亲密盟友，同时担任美国运输部长和NASA代理局长肖恩·达菲在8月初曾引发热议，称他已指示美国航天局加快推进在月球部署核反应堆的计划，为美国未来在月球的永久驻留基地提供能源。
达菲当时对记者表示：“我们正处于登月竞赛中，一场与中国的登月竞赛。”他警告称，若有其他国家先于美国登月，该国可能会宣布“禁入区”，这将阻碍NASA的月球基地计划。
在各方就“与中国竞逐登月”展开激烈讨论的同时，NASA正面临数千名员工流失的局面，还可能损失数十亿美元资金。
据两名知情人士透露，至少有4000人接受了特朗普政府提出的“延迟辞职”方案。总统提出的2026年预算还将把NASA的总资金削减24%。尽管该机构的“阿尔忒弥斯”登月计划资金基本未受影响，但此次削减将包括近50%的科学研究资金缩减。
在几乎所有美国国内问题上都剧烈党争的美国两党政客却罕见地一致表示，希望确保美国在太空领域的霸权地位。
上周，参议院商业、科学与交通委员会主席、得克萨斯州共和党参议员特德·克鲁兹在委员会听证会上表示：“毋庸置疑，我们正与中国展开新一轮太空竞赛。太空已不再仅仅用于和平探索，如今它是战略前沿，对国家安全、经济增长和技术领导力具有直接影响。”
克鲁兹的民主党同僚、该委员会资深成员和民主党领袖、华盛顿州参议员玛丽亚·坎特韦尔补充称，她认为持续投资太空技术“对我们未来的经济和国家安全至关重要”。
坎特韦尔表示：“我们清楚必须重返月球，也清楚必须在中国建立永久驻留基地之前实现这一目标。”
中国载人登月突破关键技术，10年内有望登月，要首先建立科研站
三、抢先在月球建立基地为何成为美与中国开展太空战略博弈的核心？
中美在月球基地建设上的竞赛，本质上是一场围绕战略安全、资源控制与国际话语权的全方位博弈。美国将抢先重返月球并建立永久基地视为维护太空霸权的核心任务，而中国则通过稳步推进载人登月计划与国际合作，构建多极化太空治理的新范式。
美国的月球战略具有鲜明的排他性与地缘政治属性。NASA加速部署月球核反应堆的计划，不仅是为解决长期在月球驻留的能源问题，更暗藏通过基础设施划定"实际控制区"的深层考量。尽管《外空条约》禁止领土主权主张，但美国代理局长达菲明确提出的"禁入区"概念，实质是试图利用设施控制权在月球南极等资源富集区建立排他性势力范围。这种策略与其历史上的"地平线计划"一脉相承，后者曾构想在月球建立军事间谍基地，而如今的核反应堆部署可视为现代版的太空"圈地运动"。
预算分配更暴露其战略优先级：在NASA的总经费被削减24%和科学研究预算被腰斩近50%的情况下，"阿尔忒弥斯"登月计划资金却未受影响，显示美国将建设月球基地视为地缘政治工具而非纯粹科学探索。
中国的月球计划则呈现出合作开放与技术自主的双重特征。通过发起国际月球科研站倡议，中国已吸引17个国家参与，形成与美国主导的体系截然不同的多边合作特征。嫦娥六号搭载欧洲、巴基斯坦等国载荷，以及向18国分享月背样品的举措，构建起基于"共商共建共享"原则的太空合作网络，这与美国国会于2011年4月通过的旨在通过法律手段限制中美航天领域的合作的"沃尔夫条款"形成鲜明对比。中国对月球南极的探测重点，既着眼于氦-3等清洁能源资源的未来开发，也致力于通过技术突破实现从航天大国到强国的转型。神舟二十号任务与后续载人登月计划的推进，展现出中国以空间站技术为基础、逐步拓展深空能力的系统性战略。
这场竞赛的实质是太空治理规则制定权的争夺。美国试图通过先发优势固化现有霸权体系，其禁止中国科学家参与NASA项目的政策，延续了将技术封锁政治化的传统，甚至不惜牺牲自身科研效率。据NASA内部人士透露，限制措施已导致气候科学等领域的研究中断。中国则通过国际合作与透明化操作，推动太空探索从"霸权控制"向"多元共治"转型。当中美在月球轨道器、载人登月技术等领域的差距不断缩小，美国的焦虑转化为更激烈的遏制手段，但这种单边主义最终可能使其在月球资源开发与深空探索的长期竞争中丧失合作机遇。
月球基地的战略价值远超科技范畴，它将决定未来太空资源分配的规则基础与权力结构。美国的霸权逻辑与中国的合作理念正在月球表面形成鲜明对撞，而这场博弈的结果，不仅将塑造地月经济圈的发展格局，更将深刻影响人类探索宇宙的文明路径。
Trump admin escalates space race with China, banning visa-holding scientists from working at NASA. By Andrew Freedman, Jackie Wattles on CNN. September 11, 2025.
NASA has banned Chinese citizens with US visas from participating in agency programs — a dramatic escalation in the space race between China and the United States. It occurs as China gears up to send a crewed mission to land and potentially establish ahabitat on the moon, about which the Trump administration has expressed increasing alarm.
The new policy began September 5, and its effects have since rippled across the sprawling agency, according to two people at NASA who spoke on the condition of anonymity for fear of retribution.
The change affects hundreds of scientists and researchers, many of whom are funded by NASA to conduct their work in climate science, space and other disciplines, the sources said.
A NASA spokesperson put the number of those affected at less than 100.
When CNN asked NASA why these steps were taken, NASA’s press office sent a post on X with a clip of a recent appearance by acting administrator Sean Duffy on Fox Business.
“China is NOT going to the moon with good intentions,” the post from Duffy reads. “America will get there FIRST, preserving peace for both the U.S. and our international partners.”
China is NOT going to the Moon with good intentions.
America will get there FIRST, preserving peace for both the U.S and our international partners. pic.twitter.com/1Zgb5kYy8x
— NASA Acting Administrator Sean Duffy (@SecDuffyNASA) September 4, 2025
Chinese nationals are no longer allowed to have physical access to NASA facilities, to join Zoom calls with their NASA colleagues or access the agency’s supercomputing resources. Supercomputing work is essential for those who are studying climate change in particular.
The limitations placed on these researchers is disrupting NASA’s work and could stymie the careers of younger Chinese researchers who came to the US to advance their scientific work, as well as benefit the space agency through their findings, the sources said.
The restrictions also apply toattendance at NASA-funded meetings, both in person and online. They are resulting in additional disruptions amid what has already been a turbulent time for NASA employees since the administration has targeted the agency for steep budget cuts and reductions in personnel.
The directive is unrelated tothe August 28 executive order from President Donald Trump, which designated NASA as having national security functions, according to an agency spokesperson.
“The internal action taken at NASA pertaining to Chinese nationals, including physical and cybersecurity restrictions, are a separate matter from the Executive Order,” the spokesperson told CNN Tuesday.
On Thursday, NASA press secretary Bethany Stevens was more specific about the sweeping nature of the restrictions imposed on Chinese citizens who have US visas, telling CNN: “NASA has taken internal action pertaining to Chinese nationals, including restricting physical and cybersecurity access to our facilities, materials, and network to ensure the security of our work.”
The new restrictions, reported earlier by Bloomberg News, come at a time of heightened competition between the US and China both on Earth and in the new space race.
The Shenzhou-20 crewed spaceship blasts off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, atop the Long March-2F carrier rocket, carrying taikonauts to China's space station on April 24, in Jiuquan, China. Visual China Group/Getty Images/File
China has been advertising plans to land Taikonauts — or Chinese astronauts — on the lunar surface for the first time by 2030, competing with NASA’s plan to return its own astronauts to the moon’s surface as soon as mid-2027.
Acting NASA Administrator Sean Duffy, a close Trump ally who is also the Secretary of Transportation, caused a stir in early August by saying he has directed the US space agency to fast-track plans to put a nuclear reactor on the moon to generate power for a future permanent settlement on the lunar surface.
“We’re in a race to the moon, in a race with China to the moon,” Duffy told reporters at the time, warning that if another country beat the US, that nation could declare a “keep-out zone” that could thwart NASA’s moon base plans.
These charged discussions about racing China to the moon come as NASA is set to lose thousands of employees and could lose billions in funding.
At least 4,000 people are taking deferred resignation offers from the Trump administration, according to two sources familiar with the matter. The president’s proposed 2026 budget would also slash NASA’s overall funding by 24%. While funding for the agency’s Artemis moon landing program has remained largely intact, the cuts would include a nearly 50% reduction in science funding.
Politicians on both sides of the aisle have expressed a desire to secure American supremacy in space.
“Make no mistake, we are in a new space race with China,” said Republican Texas Sen. Ted Cruz, the chair of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, at a committee hearing last week. “Space is no longer reserved simply for peaceful exploration. It is today a strategic frontier with direct consequences for national security, economic growth and technological leadership.”
Cruz’s Democratic colleague, Sen. Maria Cantwell of Washington, the committee’s ranking member, added she viewed continued investments in space technology to be “critical to our future economic and national security.”
“We know we need to go back to the moon, and we know we need to go there before China establishes a permanent presence,” Cantwell said.
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